Construction of some hypergroups from combinatorial structures

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The effect of different initial densities of nematode （Meloidogyne javanica） on the build-up of Pasteuria penetrans population

Pasteuria penetrans will build-up faster where there is a high initial nematode density and can suppress root-knot nematode populations in the roots of tomato plants. The effect of different initial densities of nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) (150, 750, 1500, 3000) and P. penetrans infected females (F1, F3) densities (F0=control and     

Teachers' Cloud-Based Learning Designs: The Development of a Guiding Rubric Using the TPACK Framework

This study aimed to develop, validate, and trial a rubric for evaluating the cloud-based learning designs (CBLD) that were developed by teachers using virtual learning environments. The rubric was developed using the technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) framework, with rubric development including content and expert validation of its items and levels. The rubric was revised based on various types of input including content validity and expert review. After many iterations of rubric implementation using two raters, the final version of the rubric was found to be reliable with high and substantial inter-rater reliability. This study provides a methodological contribution by developing and validating a rubric for teachers' cloud-based learning designs. It also provides a useful tool for evaluating the quality of teachers' CBLD, and assessing training needs.     

Muslim women meme-ing citizenship in the era of War on Terror militarism

ABSTRACT

Facebook meme groups created by Muslim students at American universities are sites of intensive daily productivity, where members post memes they create, or share memes they find elsewhere, joking about the everyday lived experience of practicing Islam as part of a family, a community, and a society. Through the practice of making memes about Muslim piety, members of these groups articulate a form of cultural citizenship in Western liberal secular society through humor. Young Muslim women engaged in meme-making must contend with the intersections of gender and religion while making claims to American citizenship, doing the work of re-shaping belonging both in terms of American citizenship and in terms of Islamic practice and belief.     

Development and application of a four-tier test to assess pre-service physics teachers’ misconceptions about geometrical optics

Background: Correct identification of misconceptions is an important first step in order to gain an understanding of student learning. More recently, four-tier multiple choice tests have been found to be effective in assessing misconceptions.

Purpose: The purposes of this study are (1) to develop and validate a four-tier misconception test to assess the misconceptions of pre-service physics teachers (PSPTs) about geometrical optics, and (2) to assess and identify PSPTs’ misconceptions about geometrical optics.

Sample: The Four-Tier Geometrical Optics Test (FTGOT) was developed based on findings from the interviews (n = 16), open-ended testing (n = 52), pilot testing (n = 53) and administered to 243 PSPTs from 12 state universities in Turkey.

Design and Methods: The first phase of the study was the development of a four-tier test. In the second phase of this study, a cross-sectional survey design was used.

Results: Validity of the FTGOT scores was established by means of some qualitative and quantitative methods. These are: (1) content and face validations by six experts; (2) Positive correlations between the PSPTs’ correct scores considering only first tiers of the FTGOT and their confidence score for this tier (r = .194) and between correct scores considering first and third tiers and confidence scores for both of those tiers (r = .218) were found as evidences for construct validity. (3) False positive (3.5%), false negative (3.3%) and lack of knowledge (5.1%) percentages were found to be less than 10% as an evidence for content validity of the test scores. (4) Explanatory factor analysis conducted over correct and misconception scores yielded meaningful factors for the correct scores as an evidence for construct validity. Additionally, the Cronbach alpha coefficients were calculated for correct scores (r = 0.59) and misconception scores (r = 0.42) to establish the reliability of the test scores. Six misconceptions about geometrical optics, which were held by more than 10% of the PSPTs, were identified and considered to be significant.

Conclusions: The results from the present investigation demonstrate that the FTGOT is a valid and reliable instrument in assessing misconceptions in geometrical optics.     

建立研究生导师有效激励机制的系统思考

研究生导师是研究生培养质量的第一责任人,导师队伍的质量和导师的指导作用直接影响高层次人才培养质量。本文从分析当前研究生导师激励机制的主要设计缺陷入手,阐述了高等学校研究生导师有效激励机制设计的原则,提出了建立研究生导师激励机制的主要途径和方法。     

Factors mediating the effect of gender on ninth‐grade Turkish students' misconceptions concerning electric circuits

This study was designed to identify and analyze possible factors that mediate the effect of gender on ninth‐grade Turkish students' misconceptions concerning electric circuits. A Simple Electric Circuit Concept Test (SECCT), including items with both practical and theoretical contexts, and an Interest‐Experience Questionnaire about Electricity (IEQ) were administered to 1,678 ninth‐grade students (764 male, 914 female) after the completion of a unit on electricity to assess students' misconceptions and interests‐experiences about electricity. Results of the concept test indicated that general performances of the students were relatively low and that many students had misconceptions in interpreting electric circuits. When the data were analyzed using MANOVA and follow‐up ANOVAs, a gender difference for males was observed on the dependent variable of total scores on the 10 practical items; however, there was no significant gender difference on the dependent variable of total scores on the six theoretical items. Moreover, when the same data were analyzed using MANCOVA and follow‐up ANCOVAs, controlling students' age and interest‐experience related to electricity, the observed gender difference was mediated on the total scores on the practical items. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 41: 603–616, 2004     

Instructional Planning in a Centralized School System: Lessons of a Study Among Primary School Teachers in Turkey

The purpose of the study described in this article was to assess teachers' planning practices at the primary-school level in Turkey. Altogether 210 schools were surveyed, a questionnaire was distributed to all teachers in these schools, and 1194 teachers responded to the questionnaire. The results indicated that the main sources of influence on daily and unit plans are teachers' experience, the national curriculum and the course textbooks. In daily planning, teachers assigned the highest level of importance to student characteristics and availability of learning materials, and the lowest level of importance to evaluation procedures and writing objectives. The main problems faced by teachers in planning were: the gap between the national curriculum and the classroom needs, difficulties in using the standard format for preparing plans, shortage of time and resources, insufficient support from principals and inspectors, and lack of cooperation among teachers.     

Pathogenicity of bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila isolated from entomopathogenic nematode （Steinernema carpocapsae） and its secretion against Galleria mellonella larvae

INTRODUCTION Entomopathogenic nematodes of the generaSteinernema and Heterorhabditis have been used tocontrol a wide range of agriculturally important insectpests (Kaya and Gaugler, 1993). The mechanism bywhich these nematodes are able to infect and repro-duce in the insect host involves a mutual relationshipbetween the nematode and the symbiotic bacteria,Xenorhabdus spp. and Photorhabdus spp. (Akhurstand Dunphy, 1993; Forst and Nealson, 1996). Poinarand Thomas (1966) established tha…     

An Online Course to Prepare Preservice Teachers to Promote Movement Integration

Previous research has not explored the potential of distance learning to prepare preservice teachers (PCTs) for promoting children’s physical activity. The purpose of this study was to (a) examine the perceptions and experiences of PCTs, inservice classroom teachers, university instructors, and elementary students who were involved in a semester-long distance delivery course that included a service-learning (SL) component with an emphasis on classroom movement integration (MI). Using a qualitative single case study design, interviews, observations, and artifacts (e.g. PCTs’ reflections and academic work) were thematically analyzed. Findings produced three themes including student-centered approach, benefit/importance of physical activity, and connect and reflect. These themes showed that participants’ perceptions and experiences support constructivist-guided SL using a distance delivery design. This study adds to the emerging research base on school-university partnerships to support schools in the implementation of comprehensive school physical activity programming.