八段锦初级练习中的呼吸方式探羹

目的：提出初练八段锦时宜采用的呼吸方式,为习练者提供借鉴和参考。方法：通过科学分析法和文献检索法分析呼吸运动的基本方式和八段锦练习时的呼吸特点。结果：初练者较易做到“调身”,即动作达标,但要做到“调息”,即在动作中加入适宜的呼吸,却并不容易掌握。结论：八段锦练习时,初练者应根据自身情况,采取舒服自然、合理适当的呼吸方式,待动作熟练后再有意识地进行呼吸方式的锻炼,最后达到“不调而自调”的状态。     

Leisure time physical activity in Australian women: relationship with well being and symptoms

This paper explores the association between moderate levels of physical activity (PA) and health benefits in well being and symptoms such as tiredness, back pain, and constipation. Participants in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, 14,502 young women (ages 18-23 years), 13,609 middle-age women (45-50 years), and 11,421 older women (ages 70-75 years), answered questions about vigorous and less vigorous exercise (used to determine a physical activity score), well being (SF-36), symptoms, and medical conditions. There were significant associations between the PA score and SF-36 in each cohort. Odds ratios (OR) for a range of symptoms and conditions were lower for women who reported low to moderate activity than for sedentary women, for example, for young women or for constipation = 0.76 (CI, 0.65-0.89), for middle-age women or for tiredness = 0.70 (0.63-0.78). There was no threshold of PA at which health benefits increased significantly. Although cross-sectional, the findings suggest that low-to-moderate levels of exercise are associated with a range of health benefits for women of all ages. These preliminary findings will be followed up during the longitudinal study.     

新课程标准下体育课程资源的开发与利用

根据新一轮基础教育课程改革的精神和《体育与健康课程标准》的新理念,探讨了体育课程资源开发与利用的问题,其中包括尝试性阐述了体育课程资源的概念及分类、开发与利用的途径以及开发应坚持的主要原则等问题。     

高校体育教师知识转移动力及其利用研究

辨析知识转移、知识共享、知识扩散、知识传播的概念,在明确高校体育教师知识转移概念的基础上提出了知识转移动力模型,从信任感、尊重感、自我实现、个人兴趣、组织文化、转移渠道、激励制度、政策促进等方面,分析高校体育教师知识转移内外部驱动力,并提出利用和激发这些动力的措施.     

基于三螺旋理论的女子竞技足球运动共建模式研究

分析新时期女子竞技足球运动发展现状和需要导向,基于三螺旋理论提出了高校、女子竞技足球运动俱乐部和政府的共建模式,阐释了模式内容、三螺旋互动与角色定位,为女子竞技足球运动建设发展提供了新的理论视角借鉴.     

高校体育教师素质结构的分析

为探索高校体育教师素质结构,加强师资队伍建设,通过查阅文献,收集资料,座谈、访问高校体育教师及专家,采用逻辑分析的方法,对高校体育教师的素质结构进行了分析。结果表明：高校体育教师的素质结构呈地球仪模型,身体因素相当于地球仪的支架;知识、能力、非智力因素构成完整的球体,知识处于球体的最外层,能力处于球体的中间层,非智力因素处于球体的中心位置。     

对青少年乒乓球运动员意识培养的研究

文章运用哲学、运动生理学和心理学的基本理论知识,探讨了青少年乒乓球意识的内涵、重要性,提出了青少年乒乓球运动员意识的层次性结构,加深了对青少年乒乓球运动员意识结构的整体理解.同时,概括当前乒乓球运动发展的新形势和新要求,以及青少年终身成长的内在规律,加强对青少年乒乓球运动员意识的培养,以造就更多更优秀的乒乓球后备人才.     

Health benefits of Kung Fu: A systematic review

Abstract

The Chinese martial arts (Kung Fu) have existed for centuries and are generally accepted as being beneficial for health without much empirical data. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the health effects of “hard” Kung Fu styles by performing electronic and manual searches of the literature. The aspects of health and the Kung Fu style examined varied between most studies; in some cases, the martial art group consisted of practitioners of other martial art styles also. Of 2103 references identified, only nine papers were eligible and reviewed. All were observational studies, observing a range of health aspects possibly related to Kung Fu training or performance. Our findings suggest that there is no evidence that Kung Fu practice is associated with the prevention or treatment of any health condition. However, as a moderate- to high-intensity form of aerobic exercise, it may confer benefits similar to those attributed to other aerobic training modalities. However, this hypothesis remains to be tested in clinical trials. Physiological benefits (e.g., aerobic capacity and bone density) may be associated with long-term Kung Fu practice. Future research in this area should adopt experimental designs, clearly identifying eligibility criteria, testing and training protocols, and include health-related outcomes and documentation of adverse events, to advance knowledge in this field.     

Parent Resource Centers: An Innovative Mechanism for Parental Involvement in School Choice Decisions

This qualitative investigation reports on the use of Parent Resource Centers (PRCs) as a mechanism for parental involvement in public school choice decisions. Interviews with parents and staff at seven PRCs in Florida revealed that PRCs employ multiple strategies to communicate choice information to parents: community-, school- and media-based outreach; outreach to hard-to-reach parents; and collaboration with other agencies. Personalized assistance and provision of choice materials are also highlighted as useful strategies. Results indicate that there is low level of awareness about school choice options among parents and thus clear and consistent communication of choice information is needed. While PRCs hold promise for increasing parental engagement in school choice, structural and systemic barriers to exercising choice decisions such as transportation and collaboration between schools and PRCs should be addressed. Methodologically, this study illustrates the power of triangulating data from parents and PRCs to illuminate our understanding of how parents make choice decisions.     

Perceptions of tutoring roles and psychological distance among instructors,tutors and students at a Korean university

This study explores issues related to the tutor’s role when initiating tutoring as an institutional strategy at a conventional university. Based on a pilot tutoring program implemented in four college courses, we investigated the perceptions of instructors, tutors and students regarding the role of tutoring and whether it affected the psychological distance between the different types of participants. The results indicated that instructors’ perceptions of the tutor’s primary role and the psychological distance from the students and the tutors differed from the perceptions of the tutors and the students, perhaps because the instructors perceived tutors as a source of instructor support rather than student support. Implications and suggestions are discussed.