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111.
Traditionally, education in Scotland has been viewed as a national service that is locally administered. This research casts new light on that relationship between the Scottish Executive and local authorities by drawing on evidence from an evaluation of the implementation of the additional support staff element of the Teachers’ Agreement which determined not only teachers’ pay structure but also established the professional conditions under which they would work. The paper identifies how local authorities and schools spent the grant aid on staff and equipment, how many additional support staff were appointed, and what impact they were reported to be having on teaching and learning. Information was gathered from a postal survey of all 32 Scottish local authorities and a random sample of 267 schools, and also from interviews held in six case study schools. The findings show that: all the grant aid could not be accounted for, the target number of support staff was not achieved, and their deployment and impact varied across local authorities and schools. By way of conclusion it poses the question: ‘Was the money well spent?’ 相似文献
112.
Ivan Dalley Crozier Susan Hardy David Rutledge Niall Shanks Ian J. Slater Daryn Lehoux Alan Chalmers Shaughan Lavine Richard McDonough Paul Redding Katherine Neal David J. Stump Nicolas Rasmussen Fa-ti Fan David Oldroyd Iain Davidson Hanne Andersen Vassiliki Betty Smocovitis Ivan Crozier Anjan Chakravartty King’s College John Laurent Ian Tyrell Susan Spath Roy MacLeod 《Metascience》2001,10(3):412-506
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Elizabeth Bredberg Iain F.W.K. Davidson 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》1999,46(1):87-107
In a study of the ethical reasoning of teachers of children with severe and profound intellectual disabilities, the authors report on their findings from interviews with, and classroom observations of, five teachers of children in segregated classrooms. The teachers' responses to four ethical dilemmas were discussed and analysed for the types of reasoning that they used and for the presence of four principles often cited in normative ethics: justice, respect for autonomy, beneficence, and non-maleficence. Interview data also suggested the presence of some distinctive elements in the ethical discussion of the participants. The authors found that teachers gave almost exclusive consideration to individual student interests in their discussions of the dilemmas. Although justice played a significant role in their validation of their decisions, the governing principle in their argument seemed to be beneficence. Moral impasses have frequently arisen in discussions of the ethics of decisions regarding persons with severe and profound intellectual disabilities. The findings of this study are presented as an empirical contribution to that debate and as a mandate for further discussion. 相似文献
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The purpose of this research was to examine school reform at a local level. Our analysis centered on the impact that the Accelerated Schools model had on two inner-city elementary schools in New Orleans. Key to our interpretation was addressing prevalent social issues, including poverty, racism, and single-parent families, embedded in everyday life in urban communities. The findings illuminate the need to resolve racial, social, and ideological conflicts for school change to take root in inner-city schools. 相似文献
118.
Zhen Zhang Benjamin Poulter Sara Knox Ann Stavert Gavin McNicol Etienne Fluet-Chouinard Aryeh Feinberg Yuanhong Zhao Philippe Bousquet Josep G Canadell Anita Ganesan Gustaf Hugelius George Hurtt Robert B Jackson Prabir K Patra Marielle Saunois Lena Hglund-Isaksson Chunlin Huang Abhishek Chatterjee Xin Li 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2022,9(5)
Atmospheric methane (CH4) concentrations have shown a puzzling resumption in growth since 2007 following a period of stabilization from 2000 to 2006. Multiple hypotheses have been proposed to explain the temporal variations in CH4 growth, and attribute the rise of atmospheric CH4 either to increases in emissions from fossil fuel activities, agriculture and natural wetlands, or to a decrease in the atmospheric chemical sink. Here, we use a comprehensive ensemble of CH4 source estimates and isotopic δ13C-CH4 source signature data to show that the resumption of CH4 growth is most likely due to increased anthropogenic emissions. Our emission scenarios that have the fewest biases with respect to isotopic composition suggest that the agriculture, landfill and waste sectors were responsible for 53 ± 13% of the renewed growth over the period 2007–2017 compared to 2000–2006; industrial fossil fuel sources explained an additional 34 ± 24%, and wetland sources contributed the least at 13 ± 9%. The hypothesis that a large increase in emissions from natural wetlands drove the decrease in atmospheric δ13C-CH4 values cannot be reconciled with current process-based wetland CH4 models. This finding suggests the need for increased wetland measurements to better understand the contemporary and future role of wetlands in the rise of atmospheric methane and climate feedback. Our findings highlight the predominant role of anthropogenic activities in driving the growth of atmospheric CH4 concentrations. 相似文献
119.
The Fifth International Film Week to be organized by I.C.E.F. was held in Brussels from the 17th-21st March, 1969. In addition to over 40 delegates from fifteen countries, there were representatives from UNESCO and OECD. 相似文献
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