Construction and Validation of an Eight-Iron Approach Test

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to construct a golf test which would be usable for assessing the ability to perform an eight-iron approach shot at a distance of 12 yards from the pin. A good approach shot was defined as one which is high enough to avoid potential hazards between the point of contact and the pin and which comes to rest at or near the pin. Pilot studies were conducted to determine target size, number of trials and days of testing, hitting distance, objectivity, and reliability. The revised test was administered to 424 beginning golfers. Reliability estimates determined by analysis of variance procedures and by correlation techniques indicated that the test was reliable for the subjects involved. Logical validity was claimed and was further supported by comparing mean scores of a beginning and an experienced group. The test confidently differentiated the performance of the two groups.     

A night at Delmonico's: The Spalding baseball tour and the imagination of Empire

This article casts the Spalding world baseball tour of 1888–1889 in a context of the campaign to construct a national identity during the late 19th century. In doing so, it intends to show how baseball magnate Albert Spalding and fellow sporting missionaries used cultural perspectives promoted on the tour to assert baseball's national purpose and, through the sport, stake America's claim in the Anglo-Saxon imperium of the times. Spalding initiated the mission with a remarkable tourist venture that spanned the globe, from Chicago across the Pacific and through Europe before returning from overseas. In New York, at a famous reception at Delmonico's restaurant, the tourists and commentators imbued the sport with the rhetoric of nationalism so critical to constructing empire ten years later. The banquet serves as the window in which to look on parts of the tour, particularly the contrasting results of the visits to Australia and Britain.     

信心回归:破解难题给举办者一个良好的成长环境——举办者信心丧失是民办教育发展的最深层危机

广东民办学校经营成本高企,不少民办学校难以为继。而对产权和回报的诉求与目的上的歧视,严重地制约着民办学校举办者的积极性和不断投入的水平。要给民办教育举办者营造一个良好的成长环境,使民办教育投资重振信心,必须使民办教育投资权益回归《物权法》,以增加民办教育可持续发展的基本动力。     

European Standards in Russian Higher Education and the Role of English: a case study of the National University of Science and Technology,Moscow (MISiS)

This article considers the current changes in Russian universities, especially moves towards a more outward-looking, international approach, driven in particular by the Bologna Process. It is noted that the speed of change has been uneven, with many institutions slow to embrace reform. The situation at the National University of Science and Technology, Moscow (MISiS) is taken as an example of an institution where reform is moving ahead rapidly. The role of English teaching is examined as a driver of change. Research that informs the reforms is reported and the wider impact of English language teaching on academic quality and institutional culture is described and evaluated.     

谈中学历史教材中的诗歌教学及作用

诗歌这种文学形式,作为中华灿烂文化中的一朵奇葩,其历史渊远流长。现行中学历史教科书中引起了许多诗歌,因此,加强诗歌教学,教师必须自我充实。然后利用诗歌教学培养学生的道德情操和分析问题解决问题的能力。     

“双向互动、四位一体”教育实习模式的构建与实践

"双向互劝、四位一体"教育实习模式是西华师范大学在几十年的办学实践中在教育实习领域进行积极探索而构建的一种融实习,教研、招生、就业四位一体的教育实习新模式。该模式以终身教育思想为引领,以促进教师专业成长为目的,以实现实习功能综合化、实习结果反思化、实习过程一体化、基地建设互动化为结果。     

服务民族地区师资培训模式的探索——以西华师范大学“三个加”师资培训模式为例

高师院校应该高度重视民族地区的师资培训工作,通过强化师资培训工作组织机构建设,保证民族地区师资培训顺利开展;通过整合校内外培训资源,提升民族地区师资培训水平;立足民族地区教育实际,有的放矢提高民族地区教育培训质量。     

Differential versus equal student subsidies in post-secondary education: A current Canadian dispute

This paper examines a current proposal that students in higher education should have equal subsidies. The proposal has recently been made on grounds of efficiency and is therefore linked with the justification of subsidies because of public benefits (externalities) from education. The argument is that since we are ignorant of the differential strengths of public benefits from each educational program, it is a safe rule to subsidize each at an equal rate. This equality argument is further supported in this paper with the observation that marginal public benefits diminish with increasing educational duration. This efficiency argument is clearly distinguishable from that of equity or equality of opportunity.The strength of the argument is next tested against the objections to it that are now being made by the Ontario Commission on Post-Secondary Education. Evidence of the degree of present inequality in subsidization in Ontario is fully surveyed. It is shown that the Commission is reluctant to reduce the inequality because this will mean charging full fees for the last stages of professional training. The Commission fears that this would result eventually in the raising of professional fees to the public.This article finally produces an economic model that shows that the Commission's fears are groundless. The case for switching the subsidies in favour of the earlier years of education is indeed stronger than appears at first sight because of the monopolistic tendencies of the professions concerned.