Let's talk about what we're watching: Parental mediation of children's television viewing

A random telephone survey of Washington state parents of children between the ages 2 and 17 assesses patterns of interaction with children regarding television viewing. The children's gender did not affect the way parents coviewed or mediated with them about television. Parent's gender, however, did matter. In addition, it was found that the ageof children had a significant effect on how parents coviewed and mediated. A linear relationship showed that coviewing decreased as children aged. A different trend was seen regarding children's age and negative mediation.     

体育科技的新发展

过去5年是体育科技“爆炸”的5年。如今,赶不上技术变革潮流的教练员及运动指导员将会被淘汰。因此。教练员及运动指导员必须运用新的思维模式,接受并利用新兴技术,为自己的执教工作服务。本文从赛事分析及点评、团队管理软件、选材、比赛录像交流、统计软件、视频分析、登记旧程安排、比赛阵型图解、运动队追踪、运动队网站十个方面介绍当今体育技术的发展成果。     

Citation bias in otolaryngology systematic reviews

Objective:Reproducibility of systemic reviews (SRs) can be hindered by the presence of citation bias. Citation bias may occur when authors of SRs conduct hand-searches of included study reference lists to identify additional studies. Such a practice may lead to exaggerated SR summary effects. The purpose of this paper is to examine the prevalence of hand-searching reference lists in otolaryngology SRs.Methods:The authors searched for systematic reviews published in eight clinical otolaryngology journals using the Cochrane Library and PubMed, with the date parameter of January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2017. Two independent authors worked separately to extract data from each SR for the following elements: whether reference lists were hand-searched, other kinds of supplemental searching, PRISMA adherence, and funding source. Following extraction, the investigators met to review discrepancies and achieve consensus.Results:A total of 539 systemic reviews, 502 from clinical journals and 37 from the Cochrane library, were identified. Of those SRs, 72.4% (390/539) hand-searched reference lists, including 97.3% (36/37) of Cochrane reviews. For 228 (58.5%) of the SRs that hand-searched reference lists, no other supplemental search (e.g., search of trial registries) was conducted.Conclusions:These findings indicate that hand-searching reference lists is a common practice in otolaryngology SRs. Moreover, a majority of studies at risk of citation bias did not attempt to mitigate the bias by conducting additional supplemental searches. The implication is that summary effects in otolaryngology systematic reviews may be biased toward statistically significant findings.     

10. Media History

FILMS AND BRITISH NATIONAL IDENTITY: FROM DICKENS TO DAD'S ARMY by Jeffrey Richards (Manchester, England: Manchester University Press “Studies in Popular Culture,”; 1997—£45.00 /14.99, ISBN 0–7190–4742–0 hard, 0–7190–4743–9 paper, 387 pp., illustrations, bibliography, index of film titles, general index)

FORBIDDEN ANIMATION: CENSORED CARTOONS AND BLACKLISTED ANIMATORS IN AMERICA by Karl F. Cohen (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1997—$35.00, ISBN 0–7864–0395–0, 216 pp., illustrations, notes, appendix, index)

A READER IN ANIMATION STUDIES edited by Jayne Pilling (Luton, England: University of Luton Press/John Libbey Media, 1997—no price given, paper, ISBN 1–86462–000–5, 283 pp., illustrations, notes)

TEX AVERY: THE MGM YEARS, 1942–1955 by John Canemaker (Atlanta, GA: Turner Publishing, 1996—$34.95, ISBN 1–57036–291–2, 224 pp., illustrations, filmography, bibliography)

GILLES DELEUZE'S TIME MACHINE by David N. Rodowick (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1997—$49.95/$16.95, ISBN 0–8223–1962–4/0–8223–1970–5, 258 pp., illustrations, notes, bibliography, index)

RECREATIONAL TERROR: WOMEN AND THE PLEASURES OF HORROR FILM VIEWING by Isabel Cristina Pinedo (Albany: State University of New York Press “SUNY Series, Interruptions: Border Testimony(ies) and Critical Discourse/s,”; 1997—$44.50/14.95 paper, ISBN 0–7914–3441–9 hard, 0–7914–3442–7 paper, 177 pp., illustrations, films cited listing, notes, bibliography, index)

SELZNICK'S VISION: GONE WITH THE WIND AND HOLLYWOOD FILMMAKING by Alan David Vertrees (Austin: University of Texas Press “Texas Film Studies Series,”; 1997—$30.00, paper, ISBN 0–292–78728–6 hard, 0–292–78729–4 paper, 242 pp., illustrations, notes, bibliography, index)

THE PASSION OF DAVID LYNCH: WILD AT HEART IN HOLLYWOOD by Martha P. Nochimson (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1997—$40.00/19.95, ISBN 0–292–75566‐X hard, 0–292–75565–1 paper, 272 pp., illustrations, notes, bibliography, index)

CINEMA, THEORY, AND POLITICAL RESPONSIBILITY IN CONTEMPORARY CULTURE by Patrick McGee (Port Chester, NY: Cambridge University Press “Literature, Culture, Theory, No. 24,”; 1997—$59.95/19.95, ISBN 0–521–58130–3 hard, 0–521–58908–8 paper, 235 pp., bibliography, index)

ADAPTATIONS AS IMITATIONS: FILMS FROM NOVELS by James Griffith (Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1997—$39.50, ISBN 0–87413–633–4, 272 pp., notes, works cited, index)

DEFINING CINEMA edited by Peter Lehman (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press “Rutgers Depth of Field Series,”; 1997—$48.00/18.00, ISBN 0–8135–2301‐X hard, 0–8135–2302–8 paper, 216 pp., notes, index)

FROM PEEP SHOW TO PALACE: THE BIRTH OF AMERICAN FILM by David Robinson (New York: Columbia University Press, 1996—$17.50, paper, ISBN 0–231–10338–7 hard, 0–231–10339–5 paper, 213 pp., illustrations, bibliography, index)

IN THE EYE OF THE BEHOLDER: CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES IN POPULAR FILM AND TELEVISION edited by Gary R. Edgerton, Michael T. Marsden, and Jack Nachbar (Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1997—$49.95/$24.95, ISBN 0–89972–753–5 hard, 0–87972–754–3 paper, 274 pp., illustrations, index)

HIGH CONTRAST: RACE AND GENDER IN CONTEMPORARY HOLLYWOOD FILMS by Sharon Willis (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1997—$49.95/$16.95, ISBN 0–8223–2029–0 hard, 0–8223–2041‐X paper, 266 pp., notes, index)

MAMMIES NO MORE: THE CHANGING IMAGE OF BLACK WOMEN ON STAGE AND SCREEN by Lisa M. Anderson (Lanham, MD: Rowman &; Littlefield, 1997—$22.95, ISBN 0–8476–8419–9, 147 pp., illustrations, bibliography, index)

HEMINGWAY AND HIS CONSPIRATORS: HOLLYWOOD, SCRIBNERS, AND THE MAKING OF AMERICAN CELEBRITY CULTURE by Leonard J. Leff (Lanham, MD: Rowman &; Littlefield, 1997—$24.95, ISBN 0–8476–8544–6, 255 pp., illustrations, notes, works cited, index)

FOOTAGE: THE WORLDWIDE MOVING IMAGE SOURCEBOOK (New York: Second Line Search, [3rd ed.] 1997—$195.00, ISBN 1–890979–24–4, 1098 pp., glossary, index to advertisers)     

Celebrity Endorsements and Their Potential to Motivate Young Voters

Although scholars have long indicated concern regarding disaffected young voters, the 2004 presidential election tallied record turnout among this age group. This study explored how and why celebrity-endorsed, get-out-the-vote campaigns may have helped to persuade young voters aged 18 to 24 to participate in an election campaign by examining campaign influence on individual decision-making factors. During the fall semester of 2004, a convenience sample of 305 college students from introductory general education classes completed surveys assessing their political efficacy, involvement, complacency, and apathy. Findings indicated that receptivity to celebrity spokespeople predicted lower levels of complacency and higher levels of self-efficacy. Complacency had independent effects on involvement and self-efficacy. The results therefore suggest that these campaigns can potentially influence positive change in political engagement of the younger citizenry.     

Self-Report QRIS: Challenges with Validation

Research Findings: The current study looks at the validity of a voluntary self-report Quality Rating and Improvement System (QRIS) and the characteristics of participating childcare centers. The self-reported quality indicators are compared to external ratings of quality Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale-Revised ([ECERS-R]) and correlated with variables such as size of center and number of state subsidy clients. ECERS-R scores were unrelated to capacity but significantly lower for centers with a large percentage of state-supported clients. Regarding self-reported quality, centers frequently under-reported their quality and what was claimed was not always externally validated, suggesting a self-report QRIS may not be an accurate assessment of quality. Additionally, no significant differences in quality were found between centers participating and those not participating in the self-report QRIS. Practice or Policy: Self-reported childcare quality was not accurate in this study. Although providers over-reported some quality, they frequently under-reported quality, by claiming fewer indicators than external validators found. When centers are unmotivated to participate in a voluntary, self-report QRIS, when items reported are the easiest to report, and when existing quality indicators are unreported, a self-reported QRIS cannot validly reflect quality. Because providers over-reported and under-reported quality criteria, it is doubtful the system truly incentivizes desired quality changes.     

Theoretical and technical contributions to structural equation modeling: An updated annotated bibliography

Theoretical and technical research in structural equation modeling (SEM) focuses on the procedures per se rather than on substantive applications of the procedures. An earlier bibliography annotated nearly 300 technical publications about latent variable models. Since that bibliography was published in 1991, there has been a distinct surge in theoretical‐technical publications, organized around model evaluation, multifaceted extensions to levels, groups, and occasions, ordinal level data, statistical power, categorical data, and new computer programs (Mx, MECOSA, RAMONA, SEPath). This article updates the earlier bibliography to acknowledge the growth of more specialized refinements of SEM and to guide developers, researchers, and instructors. As an indicator of the surge in this literature, over 320 new publications are annotated in this version within a 9‐part categorization system. The groupings were selected to be reasonably exhaustive and not too extensive, resulting in this set: (a) Model Specification and Identification, (b) Model Estimation (including asymptotics), (c) Model Testing, Evaluation, and Modification, d) Monte Carlo/Simulation, (e) Reviews and Critiques/Debates, (0 Introductory and Pedagogical, (g) Philosophical, (h) Special Purpose Models (e.g., multitrait‐multimethod, multilevel, behavior genetics, developmental/change), and (i) Computer Programs and Programming.     

Repeated high-intensity exercise in professional rugby union

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to describe the frequency, duration, and nature of repeated high-intensity exercise in Super 14 rugby union. Time–motion analysis was used during seven competition matches over the 2008 and 2009 Super 14 seasons; five players from each of four positional groups (front row forwards, back row forwards, inside backs, and outside backs) were assessed (20 players in total). A repeated high-intensity exercise bout was considered to involve three or more sprints, and/or tackles and/or scrum/ruck/maul activities within 21 s during the same passage of play. The range of repeated high-intensity exercise bouts for each group in a match was as follows: 11–18 for front row forwards, 11–21 for back row forwards, 13–18 for inside backs, and 2–11 for outside backs. The durations of the most intense repeated high-intensity exercise bouts for each position ranged from 53 s to 165 s and the minimum recovery periods between repeated high-intensity exercise bouts ranged from 25 s for the back row forwards to 64 s for the front row forwards. The present results show that repeated high-intensity exercise bouts vary in duration and activities relative to position but all players in a game will average at least 10 changes in activity in the most demanding bouts and complete at least one tackle and two sprints. The most intense periods of activity are likely to last as long as 120 s and as little as 25 s recovery may separate consecutive repeated high-intensity exercise bouts. The present findings can be used by coaches to prepare their players for the most demanding passages of play likely to be experienced in elite rugby union.