关于学科本质的再认识

学科是知识形态、活动形态和组织形态的统一体,是主体为了教育或发展的需要,通过自身认知结构与客体结构的互动而形成的一种既有利于知识的传授又有利于知识创新的组织体系。学科的知识形态是学科的核心,学科的活动形态是学科的基础,学科的组织形态是学科的表现形式,学科的活动形态和组织形态是与学科的知识形态这一本质属性有联系的非本质属性。基于对学科本质的认识,学科的建设与改革应包括学科知识、学科活动和学科组织的建设与改革三个方面。     

秉持现象学态度的教师教育理论研究

秉持现象学态度,依据现象学还原原理进行教师教育理论研究,现象学的教师教育理论研究新领域得以敞开。在现象学态度下,教师作为研究者的主体地位得以确立;教师的教育研究对象与内容为教师的职业生活体验;教师的职业生活体验研究过程与方法是进行现象学的描述与解释;教师进行职业生活体验研究应按照现象学的反思方法去操作;教师的职业生活体验研究是态度、目的、方法与过程的统一。     

关于差异教学若干理论问题的思考

差异教学是当代基础教育改革突出强调的一种教学理念。它强调三点:"从差异出发"、"为了差异发展"及"开展有差异的教学"。课堂教学中学生之间的差异应是一种合理性存在,是一种教学资源;确定因人而异的、有差异的教育教学目标,是我国当代基础教育逻辑发展的必然,是当代教育目的观的应有追求;差异发展是人的共同性发展与独特性发展的统一,是人的社会化发展与个性化发展的统一,是人的适应性发展与超越性发展的统一;在实现主体性发展的过程中,个体参与活动的数量与质量对个体发展起着重要的决定作用。     

教育理论建设中的类比问题

"类比"就是以相似性为基础,建立事物之间的关联。类比这种思维和推论方式在教育理论建设中具有重要的作用。传统的教育理论在运用类比进行论述时,一般会选择直观清晰的对象作为源域,而当下的教育理论建设中则存在相反的情况。源域和目标域之间相似性的发现可以采用不同的进路,它们各自影响着教育理论的展开。运用类比进行理论建设,本质上不是要制造实在的知识,而是要促进意义理解、进行有效的对话、扩展经验的范围。     

知识的普适性与境域性:课程的视角

知识有普适性与境域性之别。普适性知识是世界范围内各民族国家共同承认的知识体系,是目前占主流地位的科学知识。境域性知识是指地方性知识、情境性知识及缄默性知识等,它是特定人文情境与范围内有价值的知识。普适性知识由境域性知识发展完善而形成,境域性知识有其自身独特的价值与生命活力,二者相互支持。与普适性知识相应的课程是主流文化中心课程,它统治着整个课程世界,并成为各国国家课程的核心;与境域性知识相应的课程是地方课程和校本课程,它们正在补充着国家课程的不足。     

复杂性理论与教育的复杂性研究

作为人文社会科学之教育学研究,需要对理性主义的简单性、唯一性、单向度、线性化的思维模式进行反思,继而代之以用复杂性、开放性、多元性、发展性和非线性的观念来审视极为复杂的教育现象与教育生活,从事具有复杂性的教育学研究。在这一点上,复杂性理论的提出和复杂性研究方法的问世,为我们开启了一扇光明之门。     

Young Children’s Ability to Produce Valid and Relevant Counter-Arguments

In collaborative problem solving, children produce and evaluate arguments for proposals. We investigated whether 3- and 5-year-olds (N = 192) can produce and evaluate arguments against those arguments (i.e., counter-arguments). In Study 1, each child within a peer dyad was privately given a reason to prefer one over another solution to a task. One child, however, was given further information that would refute the reasoning of their partner. Five-year-olds, but not 3-year-olds, identified and produced valid and relevant counter-arguments. In Study 2, 3-year-olds were given discourse training (discourse that contrasted valid and invalid counter-arguments) and then given the same problem-solving tasks. After training, 3-year-olds could also identify and produce valid and relevant counter-arguments. Thus, participating in discourse about reasons facilitates children’s counter-argumentation.     

The Semiotics of Learning New Words

In several of his papers, Charles S. Peirce illustrates processes of interpreting and understanding signs by examples from second language vocabulary teaching and learning. The insights conveyed by means of these little pedagogical scenarios are not meant as contributions to the psychology of second language learning, but they aim at elucidating fundamental semiotic implications of knowledge acquisition in general. Peirce's semiotic premise that a well‐understood sign is one that represents an object and creates an interpretant is essential to the understanding of how new words and signs in general can be taught and learned. The article argues that Peirce's theory of the object of the sign, especially of the necessity of collateral experience of the object of a sign, can help to understand the riddle posed by of the Meno paradox of the impossibility of learning what we do not yet know. It examines the semiotic implications of the didactic methods of teaching and learning through translation, ostension, mental and real images, as well as metacognition, and it shows how icons, indices, and symbols are essential to learning new words.     

Quality of Life of Children with Learning Disabilities: A Comparison of Self‐Reports and Proxy Reports

This study aimed to explore how children with learning disabilities (LD) perceive their quality of life (QoL) and to compare self‐reports and proxy reports regarding their QoL. Children with LD, their typically developing peers, their parents and teachers responded to the child, parent, and teacher forms of KINDL^R Questionnaire for Measuring Health‐Related Quality of Life (Ravens‐Sieberer & Bullinger, 1998). Findings showed that children with LD reported significantly lower QoL scores than those reported by typically developing peers. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and t‐test results showed that agreement between child reports and parent‐proxy reports was either low or moderate on each QoL dimension. Findings of the study may be used to raise awareness regarding the social and educational needs of children with LD in Turkey.