差异事件教学的角色定位与发展策略

差异事件教学的理念源于建构主义的思想。差异事件教学具有距离性、层进性、主体性、协作性等特征,有利于激发学生的好奇心,培养学生的兴趣爱好,营造独立思考、自由探索、勇于创新的良好环境。在差异事件教学中,差异事件所产生的认知和情感冲突是学生对社会进行主动建构的动力;教师是差异事件的生成者和引导者,学生是差异事件的解决者。差异事件教学的发展策略包括合理的目标定位,生成差异事件,等待、观察与倾听,提供支持性回应,激发学生问题解决等。     

The role of pre-innovation platform activity for diffusion success: Evidence from consumer innovations on a 3D printing platform

Digital platforms are becoming increasingly important for household sector innovators that seek support for the innovation process and that want to make innovations available to large audiences. Innovation development and diffusion is especially challenging for first-time innovators as they cannot build on experiences from prior innovations. We argue that first-time innovators can increase the diffusion success of their innovations by engaging in pre-innovation platform activities. We use the context of the 3D printing platform Thingiverse to show that a consumer's pre-innovation platform activity increases innovation diffusion success and that frequency, quality and relatedness of a consumer's pre-innovation platform activity promotes this effect. We find support that innovation quality, the use of recombinant innovations, and innovation documentation are three mechanisms through which pre-innovation platform activities translate into higher diffusion success of consumers’ first innovation.     

Leveraging Sunken Investments in Communications Infrastructure: A Policy Perspective From the United States

Bridging the digital divide between information and technology haves and have-nots has waned from the top of the national policy agenda in the United States during a time in which the sunken investments of the 1990s need to be leveraged. A national information network now exists yet this infrastructure--largely hardware--needs to be continually modernized and parlayed with commitments to building human capacity, developing relevant content, and scaling socially beneficial technology applications, such as telemedicine, in order to optimize these initial multi-billion-dollar outlays. This article makes the case that sidestepping public-private initiatives aimed at accelerating digital opportunity is imprudent, given the mounting empirical evidence highlighting the payoffs of information and communications technologies, when properly integrated and applied, especially in enhancing the life chances of underserved Americans. Policy next steps should advance the goals of expanding universal service initiatives, including hastening broadband deployment to homes and learning institutions, and deepening programs which leverage the utility of the existing infrastructure, such as expanding human-capital development, producing relevant content, and innovating socially beneficial technology applications.     

摆脱“边缘”:寻找高等学校课程的本土文化性

任何课程体系、标准和运作过程都会打上本土文化的烙印,本土文化对高等学校课程的影响具有内禀性和潜在性,是高等学校课程价值实现过程的必然结果。只有凸显本土文化,高等学校课程才具有内在价值,才有利于文化创新。本土化对高等学校课程文化创新功能的实现具有非常重要的作用。当代中国高等学校课程在立足于本土文化处境的变革中,必须处理本土文化与全球文化的关系,通过将二者有机地融合寻求建构一种凸显本土文化又能赢得其他文化尊重的课程体系。在后现代的背景下,我国高等学校课程体系将构成一个四级课程体系,根据每一级课程的特点和功能可逐步完成各级课程的本土化。     

Reading and Forgetting among Young Children

Kyöstiö, O. K. & Vaherva, T. (1969). Reading and Forgetting among Young Children. Scand. J. Educ. Res., 129‐146. The aim of this article has been to analyze learning to read and forgetting, and to determine an optimal time for starting primary school. The study is a follow‐up type, of an experimental nature, using kindergarten children as an experimental group, and primary and kindergarten children as control groups. The children were tested three times to measure their reading standard before and after a period of tuition, and after the summer vacation interval to determine forgetting. The results show that children are able to learn to read earlier than the present starting of school in Finland presumes. Factors which influence learning are intelligence, age, social status, and teaching method. The large number of drop‐outs from the sample groups diminish the value of the generalizations that can be made from the results.