花椒籽的开发应用

花椒籽中富含油脂,是一种潜在的油料资源.花椒籽中不饱和脂肪酸的含量较高,特别是α-亚麻酸,油酸,亚油酸的含量高迭57.5%～87.9%.作为α-亚麻酸的来源之一,花椒籽因资源丰富,价格低廉,药用和商业价值高等优点,越来越受到人们的重视.     

体育测量评价的意义与局限

通过讨论体育测量评价的作用与发展、发展特点以及局限,作者认为：体育测量评价是伴随着体育产生和发展起来的,我国体育教育专业引进的该学科起点高、发展快,但是必须慎重对待其方法的局限性及其与其它学科的相关关系,使用时要以科学的方法论为指导     

Science and it’s Images – Promise and Threat: From Classic Literature to Contemporary Students’ Images of Science and “The Scientist”

The physical and social image of the scientist among school children, student teachers, and teachers over the last 50 years was investigated. Interest has also been shown in the perception of the personality behind the physical stereotype. Nevertheless, the value judgments of science and scientists and the positive and negative mind–sets attaching to these judgments in our society were less investigated, either in Israel or abroad. In this investigation models given to science and scientists in the classical literature and by some popular science writers were investigated, together with contemporary learners’ views. The populations consist of 125 high school students from Israel. Several tools were used during this investigation to decipher the images of science: Closed questionnaire, writing an essay, and semistructured collective interviews. Classical authors have pessimistic views about science and the scientists. Most models are unfavorable, and criticize the scientists: The mad and monstrous scientist (Frankenstein), the scientist who is alienated from human life (The Physicists), the scientist who is cut off from reality, the “geek” (Gulliver’s Travels), the scientist whose irresponsible research is harmful to the environment (Jurassic Park), the scientist who hungers for knowledge at any cost (Faust). The positive images found especially in the popular science literature: the scientist who cures diseases (Microbe Hunters), the scientist who has professional integrity (Galaxies), the scientist who keeps to the rules of the scientific method to obtain objective results (Wrinkles in Time). We found that some expressions relating to fear of science which have appeared in the classics since the beginning of the 18^th century were found in a similar way with students of the 21^st century, while others expressed that same fear in different ways. There was also an identification with Swift’s “unsociable and unemotional” scientists. Alongside the existence of expressions of fear of science, and mainly ambivalent opinions of students toward science, the dominant picture that stands out in this study is that our contemporary students are pro science, and regard science as a useful area of society.     

Information recall of younger and older skilled athletes: The role of display complexity,attentional resources and visual exposure duration

This study was concerned with the interactive role of experience of athletic skill with other relevant environmental variables (display complexity, attentional resources, exposure time of stimuli) on perception (recall) of structured handball game situations. Nineteen experienced (older) and 19 less experienced (younger) handball players were assigned randomly either to ball‐bouncing (diverted attention) or to calm seated (focused attention) conditions. In each of the two conditions, the subjects were exposed to a total of 36 slides containing 2–3, 5–6 and 8–10 players. Eighteen slides were exposed for 0.5 s and 18 for 1.0 s. All the slides contained structured defence and offence situations. Recall scores were subjected to repeated‐measures ANOVA using attention condition and age as between‐subject factors and task complexity and exposure duration as within‐subject factors. The results showed that the recall of less experienced players deteriorated more than the recall of more experienced players following exposure to complex displays (≥ 8 players) while engaging in a secondary task (bouncing). The findings suggest that research paradigms should be applied in the field of sport which share both ecological validity and a potential to discover the cognitive substrates underlying experience and age in skilled motor performance.     

The sacred lotus

The lotus is very much a part of Indian cultural traditions. Its importance has long been recognized and it has been grown for use as food, medicine and also for cultural and religious activities. Significantly, the longevity of the lotus seed is phenomenal, with viable seeds dated as being 1300 years old. Seed germination of the lotus is very rare in Nature; however, farmers’ knowledge and experience may show how lotus seeds can be germinated.     

Preservice Science Teachers’ Efficacy Regarding a Socioscientific Issue: A Belief System Approach

The aim of the present study was to understand the nature of teaching efficacy beliefs related to a socioscientific issue (SSI). We investigated Turkish preservice science teachers’ teaching efficacy beliefs about genetically modified (GM) foods using a belief system approach. We assumed that preservice teachers’ beliefs about GM foods (content knowledge, risk perceptions, moral beliefs, and religious beliefs) and their teaching efficacy beliefs about this topic constitute a belief system, and these beliefs are interrelated due to core educational beliefs. We used an exploratory mixed design to test this model. We developed and administered specific questionnaires to probe the belief system model. The sample for the quantitative part of this study included 441 preservice science teachers from eight universities. We randomly selected eight participants in this group for follow-up interviews. The results showed that preservice science teachers held moderately high teaching efficacy beliefs. Learning and teaching experiences, communication skills, vicarious experiences, emotional states, and interest in the topic were sources of this efficacy. In addition, content knowledge and risk perceptions were predictors of teaching efficacy. We believe that epistemologies based on traditional teaching and the values attached to science teaching are the core beliefs that affect the relationship between predictor variables and teaching efficacy.     

Fostering learning – the role of mediators

This study elaborates the roles of mediators especially as enablers in knowledge creation. These roles are studied in the context of the TARU EU EQUAL training programme, aimed at helping marginal artists to enter the professional community of artists. The results indicate that the mediator roles identified from literature can be adapted to learning. However, they do not include the role of a mediator as enabling identity building, which is important in the learning context. Moreover, the mediating tasks occurring within communities merit more attention. In addition, the analysis revealed that the mediators' understandings of learning differed from those of the participants, which affected the activities and mediator roles. The use of ba and communities of practice as tools of knowing when analysing the mediator roles proved beneficial as they revealed different aspects and brought forth various ways to enable learning.     

Dubious Early Medieval Jewels from Matzhausen (Bavaria): New Material and Technological Investigations

ABSTRACT

A controversial set of elite jewels assumed to be of early medieval period, recovered in 1937–1938 from a burial site in Matzhausen (northeastern Bavaria) was investigated to determine their technological coherency as well as their authenticity. The discovery of these jewels was exploited by German nationalists to argue that the material culture observed in Bohemia and Moravia in the ninth century had Germanic roots. The circumstances of their discovery, however, remain unclear. Research in archives demonstrated the involvement of the SS Ahnenerbe organisation in the recovery of the jewels. Are these jewels authentic or are they forgeries manufactured or modified by a modern craftsman to serve German expansionist nationalism? Three jewels recovered in the grave – a gombik (hollow spherical pendant), an earring with chainlet, and a zoomorphic figurine – were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-radiography, and stereomicroscopy. The investigation revealed a very heterogeneous set of objects with respect to technology and state of preservation. It also uncovered repairs and past invasive interventions involving modern metal and solder. Comparison with similar types of jewels from Bohemia and Moravia points to important differences in construction and technology, which confirms the uniqueness of this set of objects and casts suspicion on their authenticity.     

多媒体课件应用于化学实验教学的探索

1 多媒体技术在教学改革中的作用 几个世纪以来,各国教育家都在不断地致力于教学改革,从17世纪欧洲开始的KK班级授课方式到20世纪初的分组教学,道尔顿制、弹性制、文纳特卡制等改革实践,都力图改进传统的教学方式,寻求一种既能提高教学效率,又能培养独立学习能力和个性才能的途径.多媒体技术的蓬勃发展,为实现这一目标提供了可能[1].     

中国本色诗论的学理透视——评《中国诗论史》

由霍松林主编,漆绪邦、梅运生、张连第联袂撰写的《中国诗论史》(150余万字,黄山书社2007年1月出版),作为国家教委“八五”重点科研资助项目及国家“十一五”重点图书出版规划项目,出版后受到了学界的高度关注,给予很高的评价。我们认为,这部巨著的成功之处在于它对中国本色诗论的学理性深度透视和扎实严谨、求真求精的文风。求源:中国本色诗论文化的追问“各种文明喜欢把它们之前的古老文明奉为祖宗;古老文明的魅力增添了源泉的神圣性。”[1]因此,对古老文明的研究是人类永恒的课题。近20余年,中国古代文论的现代转换或中国古代诗学的现代…