近五年来档案馆功能与模式转换研究综述

随着时代的发展,档案馆的功能得到了扩展和深化,同时也改变了档案馆的运行模式.本文对档案馆特征、档案馆功能转换等方面的研究进行归纳与分析,并提出了一些自己的认识.     

公共档案馆事业的发展与政府责任的考量

论述公共档案馆事业的发展与政府责任之间的关系,阐述了政府在公共档案馆事业发展中应该承担价值定位的责任、法律供给的责任、教育完善的责任、经济保障的责任.     

R. S. Peters and J. H. Newman on the Aims of Education

Abstract

R. S. Peters never explicitly talks about wisdom as being an aim of education. He does, however, in numerous places, emphasize that education is of the whole person and that, whatever else it might be about, it involves the development of knowledge and understanding. Being educated, he claims, is incompatible with being narrowly specialized. Moreover, he argues, education enables a person to have a different perspective on things, ‘to travel with a different view’ [Peters, R. S. (1967). What is an educational process? In R. S. Peters (Ed.), The concept of education (pp. 1–23). Routledge and Kegan Paul]. In asserting this about education, Peters has more in common with another great English educator, John Henry, Cardinal Newman, than one might expect, given they are separated by about a century and start from different philosophical perspectives, namely Kant to a significant degree in the former and Aristotle in the latter. Both nevertheless acknowledge the importance of reason and its development in any education worthy of the name. I will argue that in describing the ‘educated person’ Peters is not far from the view of Newman, who saw education as being about the ‘enlargement of mind’. Although Newman hesitates to call ‘enlargement of mind’ wisdom, and Peters does not use either term, there are good grounds for proposing that in distinguishing between education and training, and in asserting education is moral education because it is concerned to improve persons, Peters acknowledges the higher purposes of education and hence, we can add, its connection with wisdom. Significantly, what such a reading of Peters emphasizes is his insistence on the intrinsic value of education, a view seemingly lost in modern market-driven conceptions of education.     

“There is One Geometry and in Each Case There is a Different Formula”

In this paper, we analyze two episodes from an inquiry-based didactical research; the complete analysis of our research data is still ongoing. By taking into consideration various developments from the history of the geometry of space-time, our general aim is to explore high school students’ conceptions about measurement of length and time in relatively moving systems, and lead the students to reconsider these conceptions in an attempt of constructing a new metric for space-time. The episodes are extracted from long (focused) interviews with two couples of students, based on a carefully designed fictional scenario. Two main strategies have been identified and are analyzed in the paper: one of them relies on imagination and intuition; the other one makes use of preexisting school mathematical knowledge, in arriving to a simplified formula of a Minkowskian metric.     

Role Taking Ability,Nonverbal Sensitivity,Language and Social Adjustment of Deaf Adolecents

The relationships between social‐cognitive processes, language, and social‐behavioural skills were evaluated by analyzing the data of 68 deaf students, aged 14 to 2o years, who attended special education classes with vocational orientation. The social‐cognitive processes included Role Taking Ability (RTA) and Non‐Verbal Sensitivity (NVS). Language was evaluated by the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) and by a test of Emotional Vocabulary (EV). Social‐behavioural skills were assessed by Goldstein, Sparfkin, Greshaw and Klein's (1980) Social Skills Checklist. The social‐behavioural skills were used as indicators of social adjustment. The results revealed low performance in all the social‐cognitive abilities. Language played a major role in social adjustment. However, the availability of specific emotional vocabulary was not a better predictor of social adjustment than general language ability. Although RTA was associated with social adjustment, this association was related to language ability, and RTA did not add a unique contribution to the explanation of social adjustment. NVS emerged as an important, special and independent social‐cognitive ability. The results were discussed in relation to the function of language in social cognition.     

Personal Growth of New Fathers following Assisted Reproductive Technology or Spontaneous Pregnancy

Objective: The study aimed at comparing personal growth between fathers whose infants were conceived with the aid of assisted reproductive technology (ART) and those whose infants were conceived spontaneously and to examine associations with personal resources. Design: We examined associations between personal growth on the one hand and optimism, positive and negative emotions, and parenting stress on the other, among fathers whose infants were conceived with the aid of ART and those whose infants were conceived spontaneously. One hundred and seventy-two Israeli first-time fathers (76 following ART and 96 following spontaneous pregnancies) whose infants were 5–18 months old completed a series of self-report questionnaires. Results: No difference was found in personal growth between the two research groups. For all men, lower economic status, older age of the child, higher optimism, higher positive and negative emotions, and parenting stress were all associated with greater growth. Conclusions: Although a certain level of stress and negative affect is a prerequisite for personal growth, it is made possible by positive resources, such as optimism and positive emotions. In addition, the manner in which the pregnancy was achieved appears to have no long-term consequences for men’s experience of personal growth in the transition to fatherhood. Professionals should relate to the present needs and emotional states of new fathers rather than their fertility history.     

警察体育课预防下腰痛的实验研究

由于警察的职业特点,警察院校学员下腰痛的发病率、发病原因及治疗方面都有其特殊性.在基础体能、散打、摔跤及射击等项目中存在着相对高的下腰痛发病率.下腰痛的发生原因主要有脊柱因和非脊柱因两类.警察下腰痛的原因多为肌肉损伤和韧带拉伤、椎间盘退行性疾病、脊椎峡部崩裂等.警察院校学员下腰痛要选择合理的预防手段.本课题通过实验方法,寻找警察体育课科学预防下腰痛的有效方法.     

苯丙胺类滥用药物简述

本文简述了苯丙胺类滥用药物的结构、理化性质及其在人体内的代谢,综述了近十年来苯丙胺类滥用药物的预处理及常用检测方法,主要包括毛细管电泳、气相色谱、液相色谱及其与质谱的联用.