数码印刷 极具竞争力

与任何新兴技术一样,数码印刷虽然出现得较晚,但正在备方面取得持续,迅猛的发展,特别是在速度,输出幅面和可靠性方面有了很大提高。 喷墨技术的发展体现在速度上．可与计算机的处理速度和数码相机的突飞猛进相媲美。喷墨印刷设备将随着速度的改变而快速地发展。主要打印头供应商正在提高制造精度以及产量,并且降低销售价格。同时,正在关注可变喷墨头、更小墨滴的喷墨能力,以及喷墨速度的改善。     

Factors affecting student career choice in science: An Australian study of rural and urban schools

In 1990/91, a research study was undertaken in England on the Factors Affecting Schools’ Success in Producing Engineers and Scientists (FASSIPES). This study was conducted by Brian Woolnough at the Oxford University Department of Educational Studies, in conjunction with the Institute of Physics and the Institution of Electrical Engineers and National Power (Woolnough, 1991, 1994; Woolnough et al., 1997). Principally, Woolnough attempted to ascertain why young people chose to pursue a career in the physical sciences and engineering. In addition, characteristics of schools which appeared to influence students to pursue a study of science were investigated. A number of countries have since replicated this study as an international research cooperative and the National Key Centre for School Science and Mathematics, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia participated on behalf of Australia. Currently, the following countries have contributed to FASSIPES International in addition to England and Australia: Canada, China, Japan and Portugal.     

Social structures and the flow of scientific information in public agencies: an ideal design

Despite widespread dissatisfaction with the quality of scientific information employed in planning and policy-making in public agencies, relatively little is known about the scientific information acquisition behaviors of public managers. The purpose of this paper is to facilitate research on scientific information acquisition in public agencies by suggesting that: (1) planning and policy-making are ‘policy technologies’ and share certain attributes with more traditional technologies; (2) many propositions developed in the literature on information flows in R&D labs are, therefore, helpful in structuring thinking about information flows in public agencies; and (3) it may be possible self-consciously to design social and organizational structures so as to enhance informal flows of scientific information. After gleaning some of the propositions concerning scientific information flows from the R&D management literature, an ‘ideal design’ approach is employed to develop a model in which the social and organizational structures of a public agency optimize scientific information flow.