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91.
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Differences in academic performance can surely be explained by differences in cognitive aptitudes, but cognitive-affective variables like self-efficacy or anxiety may also intervene. This paper is partly based on Bandura’s social cognitive theory and several assumptions relative to the systemic organisation of the cognitive-affective variables just mentioned with academic performance are tested. 505 students in the 4th and 5th grades were invited to participate in the study. Anxiety and self-efficacy are measured by self-report questionnaires at two levels of generality: dispositional (trait-like variables) and situational (state variables). Performance refers to the scores obtained at an usual French exam. Path analyses replicate the same functional relation between self-efficacy and anxiety. But when one aims at explaining performance, Bandura’s general hypothesis of an effect of self-efficacy on performance directly and indirectly via anxiety doesn’t hold anymore when individual differences in the level of knowledge are taken into account. Interesting enough is the finding of rather different models when the level of knowledge is considered. Indeed, it seems that cognitive affective variables play a more important role to explain performance when the students’ level of French knowledge is low.  相似文献   
93.
    
Focusing on digital text messages containing information about students’ absences and sent to parents by schools, the paper investigates the way school absenteeism is produced within affective assemblages. The paper unfolds a theoretical and methodological approach of ‘going with’ the text messages, in entanglements of affective flows. The empirical engagements, produced together with multiple agents in two Swedish schools, show that within the assemblages of human and nonhuman bodies, the text messages can become ‘stirrers’ that evoke nervousness and anxiety, but also excitement and feelings of control that affect the production and conception of absenteeism. The affective flows of text messages thus travel in all directions, with and against notions of linearity. The conclusion emphasizes how the text messages, as affective materialities, are an inextricable part of the production of school absenteeism in multiple and sometimes unexpected ways.  相似文献   
94.
European Journal of Psychology of Education - Executive functions (EFs) embrace a range of cognitive control processes that allow us to control and direct our own behavior, thoughts, and emotions...  相似文献   
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Educational technology research and development - This study aims to evaluate the level of Turkish higher education graduates’ problem-solving skills (PSSs) in technology-rich environments...  相似文献   
97.
Palmér, R. 1982. A Longitudinal Study of the Social Adjustment of Mentally Retarded Adults in Sweden. A Discussion of Methodological Problems and Preliminary Results. Scandinavian Journal of Research 26, 197‐209. In connection with an interdisciplinary research project, 1966‐1971, a differential psychological survey of about one hundred mentally retarded young people in the 18‐25 age‐group was carried out. About ten years later a follow‐up investigation began. Initially the central concern was to clarify the meaning of social adjustment in middle age. Essential components of this variable include objectively observable facts such as work and living situation, but also adaptive behaviour and the individual's perception of himself and his situation. Methodological problems are examined in broader theoretical perspective. One conclusion is that we should seek access to individual perceptions and experiences ‐ of which handicap awareness is a vital component ‐ via relatively unstructured conversations and interviews. This part of the study can then be developed into a consciously hermeneutic approach. Preliminary results of analysis are discussed.  相似文献   
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We have developed a method for studying cellular adhesion by using a custom-designed microfluidic device with parallel non-connected tapered channels. The design enables investigation of cellular responses to a large range of shear stress (ratio of 25) with a single input flow-rate. For each shear stress, a large number of cells are analyzed (500–1500 cells), providing statistically relevant data within a single experiment. Besides adhesion strength measurements, the microsystem presented in this paper enables in-depth analysis of cell detachment kinetics by real-time videomicroscopy. It offers the possibility to analyze adhesion-associated processes, such as migration or cell shape change, within the same experiment. To show the versatility of our device, we examined quantitatively cell adhesion by analyzing kinetics, adhesive strength and migration behaviour or cell shape modifications of the unicellular model cell organism Dictyostelium discoideum at 21 °C and of the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 at 37 °C. For both cell types, we found that the threshold stresses, which are necessary to detach the cells, follow lognormal distributions, and that the detachment process follows first order kinetics. In addition, for particular conditions’ cells are found to exhibit similar adhesion threshold stresses, but very different detachment kinetics, revealing the importance of dynamics analysis to fully describe cell adhesion. With its rapid implementation and potential for parallel sample processing, such microsystem offers a highly controllable platform for exploring cell adhesion characteristics in a large set of environmental conditions and cell types, and could have wide applications across cell biology, tissue engineering, and cell screening.  相似文献   
100.
We prove in this paper the existence and uniqueness of mild solutions to some functional differential and functional integro-differential equations with infinite delay in Banach spaces which approach almost automorphic functions at infinity. We also discuss the existence of S-asymptotically ω-periodic mild solutions. The results are new.  相似文献   
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