Sleep and Academic Performance in U.S. Military Training and Education Programs

ABSTRACT— This review examines the effects of military training regimes, which might include some degree of sleep deprivation, on sleep–wake schedules. We report a 4-year longitudinal study of sleep patterns of cadets at the United States Military Academy and the consequences of an extension of sleep from 6 to 8 hr per night at the United States Navy's Recruit Training Command. These studies provide an opportunity to observe sleep in a college-age population and also to record sleep patterns over an entire 4-year college experience, adding to our understanding of the changes in sleep patterns over the life span.     

Three educational values for a multicultural society: Difference recognition,national cohesion and equality

Educational aims for societies comprising multiple ethnic, cultural and racial groups should involve three different values—recognizing difference, national cohesion and equality. Recognition of difference acknowledges and respects ethnocultural identities and in educational contexts also encourages mutual engagement across difference. National cohesion involves teaching a sense of civic attachment to a nation and to one’s fellow citizens of different groups and identities. ‘Multiculturalism’ has traditionally been understood to support the first value but not as much the second, a charge made by ‘interculturalism,’ a newer idea in Europe and francophone Canada. But Tariq Modood, this year’s Kohlberg Memorial Lecturer, has argued that national integration has always been a goal of multiculturalism. However, neither multiculturalism nor interculturalism has placed sufficient emphasis on equality as a social and educational ideal. Equality is a complex idea that involves both equal treatment by teachers of students from different groups, and also relative equal student outcomes among different groups.     

Out of class communication between faculty and students: A faculty perspective

While many scholars recognize that the process of education extends beyond the formal classroom, relatively little research has focused on the role of communication in this area. This article focuses on out of class (OOC) communication between faculty and students. First, the benefits of OOC contact for students, faculty, and educational institutions; the frequency of such contact; and what is known about the roles of student and instructor sex in such contexts are explored. Then, the results of a study exploring the roles of faculty perceptions of instructor empathy, relational topoi, and instructor sex are reported. The findings indicate that these variables all relate to the amount and kinds of OOC communication that occur.     

Reprints

Lasswell, Casey, and Smith's Propaganda and Promotional. Activities (the original was the University of Minan eesdoittion of 1935; this new edition sells for $10).

Lawrence Lessing's Man of High Fidelity: Edwin Howard Armstrong, just re-issued with some up-dating (Bantam Books, $1.00).     

Film Genre Studies

Les Adams and Buck Rainey's Shoot-em-Ups: The Complete Reference Guide to Westerns of the Sound Era (New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1978---$30.00)

David Rothel's The Singing Cowboys (Cranbury, N.J.: A.S. Barnes, 1978---$19.95)

Lawrence H. Suid's Guts & Glory: Great American War Movies (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1978---$12.95/6.95)

Jack G. Shaheen, ed. Nuclear War Films (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1978---$10.00/4.95)

Thomas Cripps' Black Film as Genre (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1978---$10.00)

Neil P. Hurley's The Reel Revolution: A Film Primer on Liberation (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, 1978---$7.95, paper)

Anita Loos' San Francisco, A Screenplay (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1979---$10.00/4.95)

Eugene Rosow's Born to Lose: The Gangster Film in America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1978---$19.95)     

Communication Policy

Fair Use and Free Inquiry: Copyright Law and the New Media edited by John Shelton Lawrence and Bernard Timberg (Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing, 1989~$59.50 institutions/$32.50 personal, ISBN 0-89391-484-3)

Media Freedom and Accountability edited by Everette Dennis, Donald Gillmor and Theodore Glasser (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1989~$39.95, ISBN 0-313-26727-8)

An Economic and Legal Analysis of Undue Price Discrimination by J. Stephen Henderson and Robert E. Burns (August 1989, NRRI 89-12, 224 pp.)

Implementation of Open Network Architecture: Development, Tensions, and Strategies by Robert J. Graniere (September 1989, NRRI 89-13, 216 pp.)     

On‐the‐job relationships among self‐reported oral communication apprehension,job satisfaction,and organizational citizenship behaviors

This study assessed the relationships among self‐reported oral communication apprehension (CA), job satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) for employees of a bank located in the southeastern U.S. Results indicated positive relationships between several of the job satisfaction and OCB variables, and several negative relationships between oral CA and OCB variables, and oral CA and job satisfaction variables. Also, individuals with high oral CA, in comparison to those with low oral CA, were found to score significantly lower on dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior and job satisfaction. Implications of these findings for the organization are discussed, as are reactions to the research findings by bank personnel.