Access to higher education: an exploration of realities and possibilities

In this article the author describes and evaluates the development of a learning support service for dyslexic students at the Chichester Institute of Higher Education. She refers to both student and staff experience of the service in order to appraise its success and in so doing she raises significant issues relating to the creation of an inclusive educational experience for all students in higher education.     

The Role of Executive Functions in Socioeconomic Attainment Gaps: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial

The socioeconomic attainment gap in mathematics starts early and increases over time. This study aimed to examine why this gap exists. Four-year-olds from diverse backgrounds were randomly allocated to a brief intervention designed to improve executive functions (N = 87) or to an active control group (N = 88). The study was preregistered and followed CONSORT guidelines. Executive functions and mathematical skills were measured at baseline, 1 week, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year posttraining. Executive functions mediated the relation between socioeconomic status and mathematical skills. Children improved over training, but this did not transfer to untrained executive functions or mathematics. Executive functions may explain socioeconomic attainment gaps, but cognitive training directly targeting executive functions is not an effective way to narrow this gap.     

School Organizational Effectiveness and Chronic Absenteeism: Implications for Accountability

ABSTRACT

Chronic absenteeism in K-12 schools is strongly associated with critical educational outcomes such as student achievement and graduation. Yet, the causes of chronic absenteeism are complex, with environmental, family/individual, and school factors all affecting the likelihood of a student attending school regularly. This exploratory study examines whether school organizational effectiveness has the potential to moderate external influences on chronic absenteeism. Using school-level scores from the 5Essentials surveys, we find that, in traditional public schools, schools that are organized for effectiveness have lower rates of chronic absenteeism, while controlling for student demographics and grade level. In particular, schools with higher scores for “involved families” have lower chronic absenteeism. While charter schools in Detroit have significantly lower rates of chronic absenteeism than traditional public schools, we did not find an association between organizational effectiveness and chronic absenteeism in charter schools. This suggests that student sorting by school type may produce variation in chronic absenteeism rates that is not moderated by school actions. These findings have important implications for practice and policy, as educators seek to reduce chronic absenteeism in response to pressures from high-stakes accountability systems.     

关于地方院校旅游专业人才教育的思考

地方院校旅游专业人才培养的核心问题是人才培养模式的探究,涵盖培养目标、课程建设、师资队伍与教学模式四大环节。其培养目标是造就知识与能力并重的一专多能的复合型人才。课程设置要坚持理论与实践并重的原则,在课程建设上要充分体现为地方经济服务的宗旨。地方旅游院校应抓紧建设一支具有双师素质与教学和科研能力并重的师资队伍。突出地方特色,面向国际市场,加大实训力度,努力构建"理论--技能--实践"捆绑的教学模式,是实现地方院校旅游专业人才培养目标的有效途径。     

唯物史观和现当代中国问题

问题是时代的格言和呼声。正确地提出问题是解决问题的前提。马克思主义中国化是通过正确地提出和解决中国的问题而实现的。在资本主义生产方式下,发展生产力是以牺牲人本身的发展为代价的。中国特色的社会主义区别于资本主义的根本之点在于,实行按劳分配为主体,将生产力的发展和人本身的发展有机统一起来。     

Overcoming Obstacles: Approaches to Dealing with Problem Pupils

Hayley Martin, Teacher of Physical Education at Beacon Community College, Crowborough, and Sid Hayes, Senior Lecturer in Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Sports and Leisure, University of Brighton, consider the effects of feedback to pupils, and identify successful strategies for dealing with problem behaviour.     

Behavioral contrast and reinforcement value

Behavioral contrast was produced in two target components of a four-component multiple schedule by having two target stimuli followed either by a higher rate of reinforcement or by extinction. Response rate was higher in the target followed by extinction. Periodic probe trials were then presented in which the two target stimuli were presented together. Choice on these probe trials was in favor of the stimulus followed by the higher rate of reinforcement during regular training. Experiment 2 replicated this finding but with probe trials presented throughout training. Here, preference for the stimulus followed by the higher rate of reinforcement was evident early in training, substantially before the contrast effects developed. The results challenge interpretations of contrast based on the concept of relative value.     

Personality: A Predictor of Theoretical Orientation of Students Enrolled in a Counseling Theories Course

Selecting a single psychotherapeutic orientation can be a challenge for counselor education students. The authors examined the relationship between counseling theory selection and personality variables of students enrolled in a counseling theories course. A discriminant function analysis was used to identify the personality traits that would determine theoretical orientation choice. No statistically significant results were found. Results indicated that students showed no personality‐based preference of theory. Additionally, no significant differences were found on selected subscales of the Myers—Briggs Type Indicator (I. B. Myers, M. H. McCaulley, N. L. Quenk, & A. L. Hammer, 1998) and the Self‐Directed Search (J. L. Holland, B. A. Fritzsche, & A. B. Powell, 1996; J. L. Holland, A. B. Powell, & B. A. Fritzsche, 1994).     

依托银保合作实现商业银行个人理财业务新发展的探讨

本文运用基模分析工具,通过对当前商业银行个人理财业务发展中面临的问题进行探讨,分析其问题原因,提出银保合作能够有效的促进商业银行个人理财业务的发展.文中对银保合作的三个合作层次进行了划分,指出只有出发点立足于第三层次合作才能真正实现合作目的,最后给银保合作提出了一些实质性的建议和创新想法.     

试论新课程纲要下高校体育教学中存在的问题及对策

大学生担负着未来我国社会建设的重任,因此,对大学生身心健康发展进行的教育受到了党和政府的高度关注,并出台了一系列的政策对教育工作予以指导.高校体育教学新课程纲要的出台就是党和政府高度重视学生体育工作的表现.文章分析了新课程纲要出台几年后,当前我国高校体育教学过程中仍存在的一些问题,并对这些问题的解决提出了自己的思路和建议,以期能够对广大高校体育教育工作者有所借鉴.