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81.
Jane M. Watson Ben A. Kelly 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2008,6(4):741-767
This paper considers the development of school students’ ability to define three terms that are fundamental to statistical
literacy: sample, random, and variation. A total of 738 students in grades 3, 5, 7, and 9 were asked in a survey to define
and give an example for the word “sample.” Of these, 379 students in grades 7 and 9 were also asked about the words “random”
and “variation.” Responses were used to describe developmental levels overall and to document differences across grades on
the understanding of these terms. Changes in performance were also monitored after lessons on chance and data, emphasizing
variation for 335 students. After 2 years, 132 of these students and a further 209 students who were surveyed originally but
did not take part in specialized lessons, were surveyed again. The difference after 2 years between the performance of students
who experienced the specialized lessons and those who did not was considered, revealing no differences in performance longitudinally.
For students in grades 7 and 9, the association of performance on the three terms was explored. Implications for mathematics
and literacy educators are discussed. 相似文献
82.
Several tasks used in research studies are presented with assessment rubrics and examples of the development of student understanding. The tasks focus on students’ appreciation of variation in several contexts and illustrate the need to discuss variation in the classroom and to ask students specifically about it during assessment. 相似文献
83.
大于1:10万的国家基本比例尺地形图,详细地表示了制图区域的地形、水系、土质植被、居民点、交通线等地理要素,这些要素包含了许多与考古有关的信息,通过对古遗址分布、地名起源及演变规律、及其在地形图上的反映特点的分析,可以在室内确定田野考古调查路线,使调查具有针对性. 相似文献
84.
Bilal Ashraf Akansha Singh Germaine Uwimpuhwe Steven Higgins Adetayo Kasim 《British Educational Research Journal》2021,47(6):1675-1699
Meta-analysis is the synthesis of findings from research projects, which enables an estimate of the average or pooled effect across various studies. This study presents findings from the intention to treat analysis for a series of educational evaluations in England using a two-stage meta-analysis with standardised outcome data and individual participant data meta-analyses. The research estimates the overall impact of educational trials on pupils eligible for Free School Meals (FSM) and the attainment gap in literacy and mathematics performance between FSM and non-FSM pupils based on analysis of 88 trials and data from over half a million pupils. For the meta-analyses, frequentist and Bayesian multilevel models were used to estimate the individual and pooled effect size across categories of explanatory variables such as age groups (key stages in England) and aspects of the type of interventions (one-to-one, small group, whole class). Results indicated that the overall impact of interventions on the literacy outcomes of FSM pupils was positive, with a pooled effect size of 0.06 (0.03, 0.08). However, for mathematics, no overall effect on FSM pupils was observed. Analysis of the attainment gap indicated that literacy outcomes for FSM pupils were improved by interventions marginally more than for non-FSM pupils (pooled attainment gap 0.01 (−0.01, 0.04)). The risk of bias assessment showed that estimates were consistent across different methodological approaches. Overall, evidence from this study can be used to identify, test and scale educational interventions in schools to improve educational outcomes for disadvantaged pupils. 相似文献
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This editorial examines the question of whether plagiarism may be on the increase in the social sciences and, if so, what needs to be done to keep the problem in check. It was prompted by the discovery of an alert reader in June 2007 that a 1993 paper in Research Policy appeared to have plagiarised a 1980 article in the Journal of Business. The allegation was investigated, and it was agreed by the Editors that the 1993 paper constituted a clear and serious case of plagiarism. However, the author concerned has published over 100 articles and books. Already, two other publications have been judged by the editors of the journals concerned to have plagiarised previous publications. Two more are under investigation, but the great majority of the remainder still remain to be checked. The fact that academic misconduct on this scale has gone unchecked over such a prolonged period raises serious issues about the efficacy of the processes used to police the conduct of researchers. Furthermore, the unexpected discovery that a paper by the author under investigation appears itself to have been plagiarised poses a fundamental question as to whether plagiarism may be far more common than previously assumed. The editorial concludes that a measured degree of vigilance and a greater willingness to pursue any well-founded suspicions of research misconduct are required by editors, referees, publishers and the wider academic community if the scourge of plagiarism is to be kept at bay. 相似文献
89.
工业设计在经济建设中发挥着重要作用.设计师应具有较高的文化素质和艺术修养,应是全面发展的高素质人才.而我国的设计教育在招生方式和招生标准方面还存在许多问题,致使生源素质不高,不能选拔出高素质人才.所以必须对传统的招生方式进行改革,发展工业设计要从培养生源和选拔人才抓起. 相似文献
90.