生态经济建设及其保护是中国实现可持续发展的命脉──中国生态经济学会五届二次年会学术观点述要

中国实现可持续发展的主要命脉何在 ?由中国生态经济学会最近在甘肃省兰州市主办的年会上 ,经参会学者深入研讨得出一致的回答。探索之一 :国际社会对环境与发展政策的宏观取向从 2 0世纪 6 0年代到 90年代的三十多年间 ,世界上的环境与发展政策大致上经历了三个阶段性的重大变革 :第一阶段是基于政府命令与控制的方法 ,主要通过行政手段进行污染防治 ;第二阶段则基于市场的经济激励机制 ,强调企业在废弃物及污染物产生方面的源头控制 ;第三阶段是在进一步完善政府和企业职能的基础上 ,逐步实行信息公开和更高质量的清洁生产 ,其实质是实现…     

Emergent patterns of teaching/learning in electronic classrooms

Novel patterns of teaching/learning have emerged from faculty and students who use our three teaching/learning theaters at the University of Maryland, College Park. These fully-equipped electronic classrooms have been used by 74 faculty in 264 semester-long courses since the fall of 1991 with largely enthusiastic reception by both faculty and students. The designers of the teaching/learning theaters sought to provide a technologically rich environment and a support staff so that faculty could concentrate on changing the traditional lecture from its unidirectional information flow to a more collaborative activity. As faculty have evolved their personal styles in using the electronic classrooms, novel patterns of teaching/learning have emerged. In addition to enhanced lectures, we identified three common patterns: (a) active individual learning, (b) small-group collaborative learning, and (c) entire-class collaborative learning.     

对抗 消解 再生——论绘画中写实主义与现代派的发展

通过绘画中写实主义和现代派由对抗、消解到再生过程的分析,说明现代派艺术是艺术发展规律的体现,是西方社会发展的产物和艺术民主化过程的必然结果。后现代主义艺术的目的就是重新恢复西方人道主义的文化价值,并对其进行重新肯定     

On the same page in sporting dyads: does dissimilarity on 2 x 2 achievement goal constructs impair relationship functioning?

This study examined the extent to which 2 x 2 achievement goal constructs (Elliot, 1999) were associated with key relational perceptions (i.e., relationship commitment, relationship satisfaction) for members of athlete-athlete dyads. Both members from 82 regional-level partnerships (mean age = 22.72, SD = 3.83) were recruited from a variety of dyadic sports (e.g., tennis, badminton, rowing). Actor-partner interdependence model analyses revealed that greater dissimilarity between partners on mastery-approach and performance-approach goals was associated with lower commitment and satisfaction. Mastery goals displayed positive actor effects with respect to both relationship perceptions, whereas performance-avoidance goals were negatively related to commitment (i.e., actor and partner effects) and satisfaction (i.e., partner effect). These results indicate that achievement goal constructs may align with important interpersonal perceptions in athlete dyads.     

基于协同学的生态工业园不稳定现象的解释与对策

针对生态工业园中出现的不稳定现象,从协同学的涨落、不稳定模、序参量三个角度,具体分析物质链接困难阻碍产业链网络化、生产环境变化触发原料隐性危害、管理模式变动迫使产业链重组这三种不稳定形式,提出了生态工业园经营者需要积累前人经验、全面采取预防和应对措施以避免园区中巨涨落的出现,结点企业任何变动需要从全局考虑、保持园区环境协调统一以抑制新的不稳定模的产生,前后两任管理者需要加强沟通、确保新旧管理模式方向一致以增强新旧序参量的兼容性这三项解决对策。     

网络环境对图书馆人才的新要求

论述了２１世纪图书馆在信息网络环境下运行成为必然，并从六个方面概述了网络环境下图书馆人才应具备的素质与知识结构。     

《西州使程记》中的北宋初期高昌回鹘体育研究——兼论“一带一路”倡议下新疆体育文化的发展启示

《西州使程记》是记录北宋初期高昌回鹘社会文化风貌的重要史料。通过对历史文献和文物古迹的双向考证,对《西州使程记》中记载的体育娱乐活动进行研究,在此基础上提出“一带一路”倡议下新疆体育文化的发展启示。结果表明：《西州使程记中》所记载的体育娱乐活动有骑射、射物禳灾、苏幕遮以及优戏。《西州使程记》中的体育娱乐活动,反映出北宋初期高昌回鹘社会具有一定的经济发展水平、体现多元的文化形态以及深受宗教思想影响等特征。研究《西州使程记》中的北宋初期高昌回鹘体育,得到的启示是：“一带一路”倡议背景下,新疆体育文化的发展应避免宗教的干扰;应加强对外沟通和交流;新疆体育文化应当引起学界的更多关注;新疆体育文化的研究需注重文物保护和宣传工作。     

Positional group significantly influences the offensive and defensive skill involvements of junior representative rugby league players during match play

This study examined the skill involvements of three positional groups across a junior representative rugby league season. Data were collected from 45 rugby league players (mean ± SD; age = 16.5 ± 1.0 years) currently participating in the Harold Matthews and SG Ball Cup. Players were subdivided into hit-up forwards, adjustables and outside backs. The frequency (n · min^?1) of offensive, defensive and overall involvements was coded for each group using a notation system and a practical coach skill analysis tool. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed a significant effect of playing position on skill involvements (F = 9.06; P < 0.001; ES = 0.41). Hit-up forwards performed a significantly greater frequency of offensive (0.31 ± 0.10), defensive (0.42 ± 0.15) and overall involvements (0.74 ± 0.19) when compared to adjustables (0.20 ± 0.08, 0.28 ± 0.08 and 0.52 ± 0.15, respectively) and outside backs (0.20 ± 0.12, 0.11 ± 0.07 and ± 0.31 ± 0.17, respectively). Further, adjustables performed a significantly greater number of defensive (0.28 ± 0.08) and overall involvements (0.52 ± 0.15) when compared to outside backs (0.11 ± 0.07 and 0.31 ± 0.17, respectively). The findings of this study suggest that it is important to consider a junior player’s positional group when analysing their skill involvements. Information gained from this study could assist in the design of specific training methodologies for junior rugby league players in high-level talent development programmes.     

The Usual Suspect: A History of Football Violence in the State of Israel

Rather than hooliganism per se, violence here is examined both in its totality and the extent to which the history of football violence in Israel has been subject to a fluctuating social, political and economic context. Initially, footballers were ‘the usual suspect’ as violence was often incited by the players on the pitch. For political reasons, the Israel Football Association (IFA) was practically helpless. Over time, violent incidents on the pitch decreased as a change in the pattern of violence took place. Due to an increasing commodification of Israeli football, players and spectators switched places. The crowd was now ‘the usual suspect’ and later, due to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, ethnicity-nationality became the major trigger for violent actions in Israeli football.