论鲁迅与胡适基础教育思想及其当代意义

鲁迅与胡适都非常重视基础教育,他们在教育环境、教育观念、教育手段、教育材料等方面提出了革故鼎新的意见.这些意见虽然是针对他们那个时代特点提出来的,但由于旧的教育思想还残存在今天许多人的头脑中,因此它们对21世纪的基础教育仍有重要的启迪作用.     

An analysis of the PPCF as a theoretical framework for an instrument to examine teacher priorities for selecting curriculum content

The purpose of the research was to develop an instrument to examine physical education teachers' priorities for curricular decision-making. The purpose dimension of the Purpose Process Curriculum Framework (PPCF) was used as the theoretical structure for content decisions. Three studies are reported that investigate the reliability and validity of the proposed instrument. Items were evaluated for relevance and validity of the proposed instrument. They were evaluated for relevance and theoretical consistency by physical education teachers (Study 1) and curriculum specialists (Study 2). Acceptable items were then placed in a ranking format and field tested with physical educators in three school districts (Study 3). Results from Study 1 indicated that secondary level physical education teachers supported the relevance of items to reflect the educational setting in their classes. In Study 2, mean ratings of curriculum specialists established that 19 of the 22 categories were theoretically consistent with the PPCF. However, internal consistency coefficients (alpha) for 10 of the 22 purposes were less than .70. Follow-up field tests with physical educators in Study 3 indicated that only one category, joy of movement, had a coefficient above .70. In this research internal consistency coefficients were too low to make a claim for the reliability of the concept scales of the instrument. The multidimensionality of the purpose concepts raised questions regarding the validity of the PPCF and prohibited the use of the framework as a theoretical basis for instrument development.     

Design of Engineering Curricula for Developing Countries

This paper suggests chat engineering curricula should be designed on the basis that engineering is a vocation. It outlines how curricula might be developed by identifying engineering jobs and proceeding from job specification through engineering capability profiles to subjects of instruction. The need for manpower planning is stressed. Some problems related to small student numbers are outlined and some options offered for solution of such problems.     

Themenheft: Softwaretechnik '98

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