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Initial reinforced training with a conditioned stimulus (CSA) from one sensory modality subsequently facilitates the rate of acquisition of the rabbit’s nictitating membrane response to a second conditioned stimulus (CSB) from a different sensory modality. In Experiment 1, the level of transfer was a direct function of the number of CSA-US pairings (0, 15, 30, 60, and 120). In Experiment 2, cross-modal transfer appeared to be maximal after initial training was conducted to a performance criterion as small as two CRs to CSA. The results are discussed with respect to theories of transfer, particularly a layered network model of conditioning that suggests that CR acquisition to each CS depends on two sequentially organized associations, one unique to the CS and one that is common to all associations involving the target response system. 相似文献
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Bernard Parzysz 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》1991,22(6):575-593
At high school level, the teaching of space geometry makes use of graphical representations of objects. But usually the only function of these figures is to illustrate, they are stereotyped and have no real mathematical status, as a study of textbooks shows. They contain many implicit conventions, of different kinds, which can lead students to misconceptions about geometrical objects if they are not mastered. However they can, at a low educational cost, serve as an efficient tool to be used for problem solving. To achieve this I propose to base such drawings explicitly on parallel projection, a principle which produces representations of various types, often coinciding with the usual figures, close to perceptive images, and on which important properties of the objects represented are retained. 相似文献
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Bernard D. Steinberg 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1973,296(6):415-432
The angular resolution of an imaging device is the order of the reciprocal of the number of wavelengths across the aperture. To achieve the high resolution typical of optical instruments at microwaves, apertures miles in size may be required. The requirements for such a device, called a radio camera, are conformality with the terrain, a sparsely filled aperture of randomly (or nearly so) located elements, self-adaptive beam forming and a source of microwave illumination. Based on this design approach, a 1000-ft L-band radio camera is under development at the Valley Forge Research Center of the Moore School. This paper discusses the status of current development of the device. 相似文献
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D. Anxolabéhère N. Bernard‐Daugeras C. Favard‐Séréno J. Fiszer M. Lauthier G. Périquet 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(4):377-394
Summaries English At the O.P.E. Laboratory, computer‐based biology dialogues result in a new pedagogical situation which could not be achieved by any other method. This paper describes part of O.P.E. embryology dialogues, designed for undergraduate medical and biology students, and concerning interactions between inductive and competent tissues during embryonic development. Each student using these dialogues is in a position to proceed, in an active manner, through three principal stages in the knowledge of the competence concept: determination of experimental criteria of a state of competence; analysis of evolution of competence in course of time; detection of modifications of competence of a tissue towards sequential inductors. In the course of the dialogue, each student has to interpret various experimental results, verify hypotheses and conduct in his own way a series of simulated experiments (students have no other chance of carrying out this kind of embryology experiment). The validity of the student's reasoning and his experimental methodology are constantly controlled. These computer‐based biology dialogues are not intended to supersede other pedagogical activities. They are designed to be a new and specific contribution to comprehension, mastery, and even modelling, of biological concepts and mechanisms, and appear to meet actual requirements of biology education. 相似文献
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