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331.
Beth Crossan John Field Jim Gallacher Barbara Merrill 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2003,24(1):55-67
Concepts of learner identities and learning careers have recently acquired popularity as ways of analysing participation in learning among young adults. This paper presents a conceptual challenge to unilinear approaches to the concept of learning careers. It draws on empirical data gathered during a study of new entrants to Scottish further education colleges, and illustrates the analysis through two biographical studies. It argues that learner identities can be fragile, contingent and vulnerable to external changes, and indeed can incorporate elements of hostility to education, as well as a degree of denial of responsibility even on the part of enthusiastic learners. 相似文献
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333.
Components of Understanding in Proportional Reasoning: A Fuzzy Set Representation of Developmental Progressions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The development of proportional reasoning was examined using a temperature mixture task. Each individual's task understanding was assessed by components measuring understanding of various principles of the task. Age differences were found in the mean component scores. More important, different patterns of components were found depending on whether the task was presented numerically or nonumerically. Component patterns also depended on whether the task was presented such that subjects predicted the outcome of combining 2 containers of water at different temperatures (prediction task) or such that subjects inferred 1 of the 2 initial temperatures given the final temperature (reverse task). The results show the importance of distinguishing between intuitive knowledge and formal computational knowledge of proportional concepts and provide a new perspective on how intuitive and computational knowledge are related during development. Finally, the results also led to a new conceptualization of developmental levels as categories with fuzzy boundaries. Under this conceptualization, individuals can have different degrees of membership in "fuzzy developmental levels." This new concept preserves individual differences but also describes the sequence of development. 相似文献
334.
Mary Kay Hemenway William J. Straits R. Russell Wilke Beth Hufnagel 《Innovative Higher Education》2002,26(4):271-280
The lecture is a common method used in college instruction, but many teachers are questioning its effectiveness. For this study, two successive spring semester sections of introductory astronomy for non-science majors were studied. The spring 1999 semester was the instructor's first attempt to incorporate innovative instructional techniques to include hands-on, minds-on instruction within the lecture setting. The educational research involved classroom observations, personal interviews, and pre-instruction/post-instruction administration of the Texas Attitude Survey and the Astronomy Diagnostic Test. During the spring 2000 semester, the instructor modified instruction to respond to student concerns from the previous semester. Student scores for the second course showed significant improvement in astronomy content and the institutional course survey, but not in student self-efficacy. 相似文献
335.
Tuan D. Tran Laura C. Adducci Liza D. DeBartolo Beth A. Bower Eugene R. Delay 《Learning & behavior》1994,22(4):421-426
Cross-modal transfer of learning between black/white and rough/smooth discrimination tasks was studied in a two-choice maze procedure in which the stimuli for both discriminations were located on the floor of the maze. Rats were trained initially with cues of one modality and then given transfer training with cues of the second modality. The amount of transfer produced by two criteria of learning, 9 correct responses in 10 trials and 18 correct responses in 20 trials, was also studied. Bidirectional cross-modal transfer of learning was demonstrated more clearly with the more stringent learning criteria. These positive transfer effects appeared primarily to be the result of general transfer processes. 相似文献
336.
Alan G. Gittis Holly Stark Cheryl Arnold Beth Geter Darrell Frazier David S. Olton 《Learning & behavior》1988,16(1):15-18
The choice strategies of rat pups between 12 and 21 days of age were studied in a two-choice discrimination procedure that used access to a nonlactating anesthetized dam as a reward. After receiving a reward (win) or not receiving a reward (lose), a pup repeated a previous choice (stay) or made an alternative response (shift). At 12 and 15 days of age, pups demonstrated neither a stay nor a shift response strategy; at 18 and 21 days of age, pups had a robust tendency to shift. Winning or losing did not alter behavior until 21 days of age, at which point winning produced a greater tendency to return to the initially visited location for rats in the stay condition. 相似文献
337.
Leigh Billings Beth E. Snyder Yunah Sung 《Cataloging & classification quarterly》2017,55(7-8):606-629
This case study addresses a workflow analysis project undertaken in the International Studies and Asia Library technical services areas of the University of Michigan Library. The analysis was an opportunity to document existing technical services practices in three primary workflow areas: acquisitions/receiving, cataloging, and cataloging maintenance. International Studies began the project independently, and subsequently consultants were hired to work with both International Studies and Asia Library to find efficiencies and barriers, identify solutions, and propose future changes in non-Roman-language cataloging workflows. This article provides an account outlining the project background, implementation, outcomes, challenges, and lessons learned. 相似文献
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339.
Human Anatomy in preschool? The answer is a resounding, “Yes!” The decision to study the “inside parts” of our bodies was based on solid ground. Young children ask questions about their bodies and we looked for activities which could help answer some of those questions. 相似文献
340.