‘Education for equality’ and ‘education for life’: examining reading literacy and reading interest in Papua New Guinea primary schools1

Reading literacy and reading interest was examined in four primary schools in Papua New Guinea: in an international, suburban, settlement and village school. In this paper we present a summary of findings located within a local context and examine the implications as viewed through two lenses. From an ‘educational for equality’ perspective, the findings suggest a critical need to re‐evaluate the use of national testing to select children for further education and address the serious shortage of reading books in school libraries. From an ‘education for life’ perspective, the findings indicate a continuing need for community‐based actions together with innovative teacher education programs aimed at developing ways of strengthening the connections between home and school.     

Increasing cesarean birth rates: a clash of cultures?

Cesarean birth rates in the United States reached a high of 27.6% in 2003, a 6% increase over 2002. A cultural conflict appears to exist between the views of those who believe that birth is normal and many cesareans are unnecessary and the views of those who feel that higher rates are justifiable. Childbirth educators can share cultural concepts of normal birth in their classroom.     

问题解决的信息机制

阐述了信息科学中的一些基本问题，并利用信息科学的观点对问题解决理论进行了分析和总结，从而对问题解决概念、影响因子与问题解决过程中的信息活动模式和信息机制有了新的比较深入的认识。所得结论对问题解决方法研究和表象与环境相互作用的系统设计具有一定的参考价值。     

Emotional eavesdropping: infants selectively respond to indirect emotional signals

Two experiments examined whether 18-month-olds learn from emotions directed to a third party. Infants watched an adult perform actions on objects, and an Emoter expressed Anger or Neutral affect toward the adult in response to her actions. The Emoter then became neutral and infants were given access to the objects. Infants' actions were influenced by their memory of the Emoter's affect. Moreover, infants' actions varied as a function of whether they were currently in the Emoter's visual field. If the previously angry Emoter was absent (Experiment 1) or turned her back (Experiment 2), infants did not use the prior emotion to regulate their behavior. Infants learn from emotional eavesdropping, and their subsequent behavior depends on the Emoter's orientation toward them.     

脉冲电晕法处理含苯废气实验研究

挥发性有机物(VOCs)的污染与控制技术日益受到重视。近年来发展起来的非平衡等离子体技术在治理VOCs方面已初步显示其独特的技术优势,现已成为废气治理研究领域中的前沿热点课题之一。等离子体法降解VOCs的机理较为复杂,研究不同线路对VOCs降解过程的影响意义重大。采用脉冲电晕放电等离子体技术,建立了混合电晕、有机电晕、空气电晕和分别电晕4种不同的实验方案,选取苯为代表物质进行实验研究,在初始浓度、停留时间和电源参数等一定的条件下,考察脉冲电压对苯去除率的影响。结果表明,电压为140kV、混合电晕时苯的去除率达到82.73%,脉冲电晕技术处理低浓度有机废气效果较好。     

民族文化认同在体育锻炼与心理异常关系中的中介作用

为了检测体育锻炼和心理异常关系中民族文化认同的作用,对93名大学生进行体育锻炼、民族文化认同和心理异常的测量。结果发现：（1）民族传统体育锻炼时间的增长能缓解心理异常的发生;（2）民族文化认同的提高能缓解心理异常的发生;（3）民族体育锻炼的时间和民族文化认同是预测心理异常水平的重要因素;（4）民族文化认同在体育锻炼对心理异常的影响中起到中介作用。     

仪器分析与环境监测的互动教学研究

仪器分析、环境监测是环境科学学科的专业基础课和专业课。文章围绕这两门课的重点和难点,分析开展课程之间、师生之间的互动教学,促进两门课的教学效果同步提高,达到加强学生专业技能、教学相长的目的。     

大学优势及特色学科成长模式思考

当前是中国高等教育快速发展的重要时期,这一时期大学之间的竞争越来越激烈。大学要想在激烈的竞争中立于不败之地,就必须发展自己的优势学科和特色学科。优势学科和特色学科是重大科研项目的承接者,是创新型成果的生产者,是创新型优秀人才的培养基地,是创建世界一流大学的关键所在,是学校地位、水平的集中体现,是学校发展的生机和活力所在,是学校快速发展的基础。纵观世界一流大学的成长过程可以看到,它们大多具有悠久的办学历史、充足的办学经费、优越的办学环境、卓越的管理水平,而更主要的是它们具有世界一流的学科。如牛津大学的政治经…     

基于课例的教师校本培训模式的构建

课例是指教师通过学习,吸收新课程理念,根据学生的需要为学生设计有意义感兴趣的学习环境,提供相应的学习材料与学习设备,引导学生在设计好的学习情境中,借助他人帮助、利用必要的学习资料,通过意义建构的方式获取知识、发展能力的方案或过程.