Traditional, developmental, and structured language approaches to spelling: Review and recommendations

Current research does not support the notion that spelling is a simple rote-memory task. Learning to spell is better understood as a complex developmental process that is interconnected with phonological awareness and reading ability. In this review, three perspectives on spelling theory, research, and instruction are examined. Traditional classroom-based, developmental, and structured language approaches are outlined and their implications for assisting poor spellers explored. Instructional recommendations are made by drawing from and combining some of the strengths of each method.     

Specific Learning Difficulties and Peer Support

This article describes a project aimed at supporting secondary-school pupils with specific learning difficulties, using a peer support approach. Feedback obtained from the school's special educational needs co-ordinator and from the pupils themselves indicated some degree of success for the project in terms of developments in the pupils' response to learning and in their self-perceptions. The involvement of older pupils as contributors to the group is identified as one factor in the success of the project. The project format and the content of the group sessions are described in sufficient detail to enable colleagues to run similar groups should they wish.     

液体补充:美国运动医学会的见解

关键点:1.最近的科学研究强调,在进行体力活动前、中、后保持机体良好的水合状态对生理功能和运动能力具有有益作用。2.保持正常水合状态需要对运动员在整个训练日改善饮水行为作出具体努力。3.体力活动中,自愿饮水量受饮料的口味、组成成分,以及饮料使用是否方便的影响。在为运动员设计补液方案时,必须考虑这些因素。4.运动中补液量应能完全补充汗液丢失的量。其生理效益和对运动能力的有效作用已有很好的证明。5.运动后迅速完全的补液需要摄入氯化钠以补充汗液中丢失的钠盐,补液量要大于汗液丢失量。中图分类号:G804.5　文献标识码:03　…     

Supporting the professional development of teacher educators in a productive way

This study reports on what 13 teacher educators going through a procedure to become registered as a teacher educator in 2011–2012 learned, what goals they formulated for their further professional development and what activities they planned to achieve these goals. The methods used in this study are mainly the same as were used at the time the first cohort went through the registration procedure in 2002. The 2012 cohort participated in a supportive programme, whereas the 2002 cohort did not. This enables a comparison of the results of both studies and thus some insight into the possible benefits of integrating a registration procedure with a supportive programme for the professional development of teacher educators.     

The multiple effects of international large-scale assessment on education policy and research

This paper introduces a serendipitous special issue of Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, focusing on the rise of large-scale international testing and performance data in school system accountability and the effects that such changes have produced in education policy and research. These developments are theorised in terms of the reworking of the State and networked modes of governance, including the increased involvement of edu-businesses in education policy-making and enactment, and the emergence of new topological spatialities and connectivities associated with globalisation. We contend that the prevalence of international large-scale assessments has greatly enhanced the mutual ‘visibility’ between participating national (and subnational) schooling systems within a commensurate space of measurement, which in turn makes possible new ways of acting in light of ‘evidence-informed’ policy-making. This analysing and theorising serves to both contextualise and introduce the papers included in this special issue. The paper closes by considering the implications of such developments on education policy and research, and how this necessitates the development for a new approach for researchers engaged in policy analysis, now and into the future.