The development and piloting of the ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool—Parent version (ICAST-P)

ObjectiveChild maltreatment is a problem that has longer recognition in the northern hemisphere and in high-income countries. Recent work has highlighted the nearly universal nature of the problem in other countries but demonstrated the lack of comparability of studies because of the variations in definitions and measures used. The International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect has developed instrumentation that may be used with cross-cultural and cross-national benchmarking by local investigators.Design and samplingThe instrument design began with a team of expert in Brisbane in 2004. A large bank of questions were subjected to two rounds of Delphi review to develop the fielded version of the instrument. Convenience samples included approximately 120 parent respondents with children under the age of 18 in each of six countries (697 total).ResultsThis paper presents an instrument that measures parental behaviors directed at children and reports data from pilot work in 6 countries and 7 languages. Patterns of response revealed few missing values and distributions of responses that generally were similar in the six countries. Subscales performed well in terms of internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha in very good range (0.77–0.88) with the exception of the neglect and sex abuse subscales. Results varied by child age and gender in expected directions but with large variations among the samples. About 15% of children were shaken, 24% hit on the buttocks with an object, and 37% were spanked. Reports of choking and smothering were made by 2% of parents.ConclusionThese pilot data demonstrate that the instrument is well tolerated and captures variations in, and potentially harmful forms of child discipline.Practice implicationsThe ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool – Parent Version (ICAST-P) has been developed as a survey instrument to be administered to parents for the assessment of child maltreatment in a multi-national and multi-cultural context. It was developed with broad input from international experts and subjected to Dephi review, translation, and pilot testing in six countries. The results of the Delphi study and pilot testing are presented. This study demonstrates that a single instrument can be used in a broad range of cultures and languages with low rates of missing data and moderate to high internal consistency.     

The House of My Sojourn: Rhetoric,Women, and the Question of Authority

LITERARY HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. Edited by Robert E. Spiller, Willard Thorp, Thomas H. Johnson, and Henry Seidel Canby. Associates: Howard Mumford Jones, Dixon Wecter, and Stanley T. Williams. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1948; pp. (Vols. 1 and 3) xx+1422; (Vol. 3) xxii+817. $20. (Vol. 3, Bibliography, available separately, $7.50.)

HERMOGENES. DE STATIBUS. Edidit Georgius Kowalski. Travaux de la Société des Sciences et des Lettres de Wroclaw, Seria A., Nr. 1. Wratislaviae, 1947; pp. Ixxxii+72.

THE GAY COUPLE IN RESTORATION COMEDY. By John Harrington Smith. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1948; pp. xi+252. $3.50.

THE COMMUNICATION OF IDEAS. Edited by Lyman Bryson. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1948; pp. ix+296. $3.50.

ACOUSTIC PHONETICS. By Martin Joos. Language Monograph No. 23. Linguistic Society of America. Baltimore: Waverly Press, Inc., 1948; pp. 136. $4.50.

LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGE DISTURBANCES. Aphasic Symptom Complexes and Their Significance for Medicine and Theory of Language. By Kurt Goldstein. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1948; pp. xii+374. $8.75.

A GUIDE TO PUBLIC OPINION POLLS. By George Gallup. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1948; pp. xxiv+117. $2.50.

MODERN ENGLISH AND ITS HERITAGE. By Margaret M. Bryant. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1948; pp. xii+407. $5.00.

REPRESENTATIVE AMERICAN SPEECHES: 1947–1948. Selected by A. Craig Baird. New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1948; pp. 260. $1.50.

THE ADVERTISING AND BUSINESS SIDE OF RADIO. By Ned Midgley. New York: Prentice‐Hall, Inc., 1948; pp. xi+365. $5.35.     

Effects of Adult Modeling and Rule Structure on Responses to Moral Situations of Children in Fifth-Grade Classrooms

This study examined the effects of adults modeling responses to moral situations with or without rule strucon responses of fifth-graders in a classroom setting. Ss were exposed to a model who chose a constructive, internal-control response to open-ended stories about getting-even and provided either rule statements regarding that choice (rule-structure group) or a summary of the story (no-rule-structure group) . In the control group, Ss observed no model. Findings indicated that there was a significant (p<. 10) effect of modeling on internal-control scores on post-treatment stories and of modeling combined with rule structure on constructive scores on post-treatment stories. This study is consistent with previous empirical findings of studies conducted in laboratory settings in which modeling has been effective in modifying social behavior. Further examination of modeling is recommended in natural social settings.     

Mask Making in Human Services Education: A Case for Student Engagement

This article is an examination of strategies for engaging students in programs of human services education. We describe an in class mask-making activity, used by three human services instructors at an undergraduate university in western Canada, as a means of engaging students to grow in individual and collaborative awareness and skills. We present a survey study, conducted with students who have taken part in mask making, to examine their perspectives on the impact of the activity on their learning. We conclude with a discussion of applicability of mask making, particularly for students learning and working as part of diverse groups.     

The relationships among manager communication openness,nonverbal immediacy,and subordinate motivation

The relationship between managers' communication behaviors (openness and nonverbal immediacy) and subordinates' motivation were examined. Wharton MBA candidates were videotaped participating in an organizational simulation to resolve interpersonal conflict. Subordinates completed self‐report measures regarding openness and motivation; independent coders rated managers' nonverbal immediacy behaviors. Analysis indicated that communication openness was positively and significantly related to motivation, while nonverbal immediacy and motivation was slightly related although not significantly. The positive, yet tentative relationship between openness and immediacy, indicated that these variables occur together. Results of the multiple regression reveals that openness was more predictive of motivation, while immediacy had a more indirect impact.     

Collection Assessment and New Academic Programs

At Oregon State University, the library is included in the review process for each new program proposal. Historically, this inclusion has taken the form of a mandatory statement regarding the adequacy of the library collection to support the new program. The level of assessment undertaken to justify these statements has changed and become more rigorous over time. These assessments also provide a basis for including collections as a component of the cost of university support for new programs but seldom result in sufficient increased funding. Their true value may be in the opportunity for dialogue on the future of scholarly communication.     

企业信息素质与知识管理

通过企业实例调研,发现员工因缺乏信息素质给企业造成经济损失。文章阐述了企业提倡信息素质的重要性,介绍了高校开展信息素质教育的成果,论述了倡导信息素质与知识管理有效实施的关系及著名企业的成功经验,分析了在企业倡导信息素质的障碍和对策,指出高校应和企业界密切合作,将高校信息素质教育成果应用于企业知识管理。