Association Between Accelerometer-Assessed Physical Activity and Objectively Measured Hearing Sensitivity Among U.S. Adults With Diabetes

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between objectively measured physical activity and hearing sensitivity among a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults with diabetes. Method: Data from the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. One hundred eighty-four U.S. adults with diabetes wore an ActiGraph 7164 accelerometer and had their hearing function objectively assessed. A negative binomial logistic regression was used to examine the association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and hearing sensitivity. Results were adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, body mass index, comorbidity index, marital status, cotinine, homocysteine, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glycohemoglobin (HbA_1c), C-reactive protein, microalbuminuria, noise exposure, and vision impairment. Results: Compared to those with hearing within normal limits, results showed that participants with mild hearing loss and moderate or greater hearing loss, respectively, engaged in 93% fewer minutes of MVPA (incident rate ratio = 0.07; 95% CI [0.01, 0.60]) and 94% fewer minutes of MVPA (incident rate ratio = 0.06; 95% CI [0.01, 0.54]). Conclusion: Adults with diabetes who have greater hearing impairment are less physically active. Future research is needed to determine the direction of causality.     

Youths with migration backgrounds and their experiences of physical education: an examination of three cases

While understanding young people has never been easy, migration trends make it increasingly difficult. Many classrooms have become culturally heterogeneous and teachers are often faced with pupils with diverse linguistic and cultural heritages. Current scholarship suggests that as a discipline, physical education has not adapted to this diversity. In fact, commentators have suggested that physical education alienates pupils from minority groups and that traditional practices work to maintain cultural difference. The broad objective of this paper is to provide insights into how physical education intersects with biographies shaped by migration. Drawing from a case study investigation, this paper presents interview data from three youths with migration backgrounds living in a German-speaking region of Switzerland. The cases were selected because they highlight various ways in which physical education (PE) comes to make sense for adolescents. The key arguments that we develop are that ethnicity often works at an implicit level in PE, that young people experience the effects of migration backgrounds in diverse ways, and that migrants themselves support official educational discourses that work to disadvantage people with migration backgrounds. A key implication is that in a cultural milieu in which generalisations are normal and sometimes considered desirable, both researchers and practitioners need to be wary of racialising discourses. As an alternative, it is suggested that focusing on individual processes can improve the conceptualisation and implementation of physical education pedagogies.     

What student teaching evaluation instruments tell us about emphases in teacher education programs

Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, CA. April, 1995     

A Practical Introduction to Authoring for Computer-Assisted Instruction. Part 7: Graphic support

Images provide a useful method of presenting information to an audience. In a learning situation the use of pictorial forms can offer a high-bandwidth mechanism for the transfer of information between an instructor and a student. This paper discusses some ways of providing graphic support in a computer-based learning environment and describes some approaches to the provision of authoring facilities that utilize this technique.     

Peer victimization, poor academic achievement, and the link between childhood externalizing and internalizing problems

This study explored whether early elementary school aged children’s externalizing problems impede academic functioning and foster negative social experiences such as peer victimization, thereby making these children vulnerable for developing internalizing problems and possibly increasing their externalizing problems. It also explored whether early internalizing problems contributed to an increase in externalizing problems. The study examined 1,558 Canadian children from ages 6 to 8 years. Externalizing and internalizing problems, peer victimization, and school achievement were assessed annually. Externalizing problems lead to academic underachievement and experiences of peer victimization. Academic underachievement and peer victimization, in turn, predicted increases in internalizing problems and in externalizing problems. These pathways applied equally to boys and girls. No links from internalizing to externalizing problems were found.     

Meeting needs assessment challenges: Applying the performance pyramid in the U.S. Army

This article describes an application of the Performance Pyramid, a needs assessment framework that supports a holistic view of an organization allowing assessors to identify how organizational culture may affect performance. We illustrate use of the Performance Pyramid for a needs assessment with human systems integration practitioners in the U.S. Army. We describe how the Performance Pyramid guided our methods, data collection, and results interpretation and discuss advantages and disadvantages of the methodology.     

Book Publishing

The Oxford University Press and the Spread of Learning: An Illustrated History, by Nicolas Barker (London and New York: Oxford University Press, 1978 —$25.00)

The Oxford University Press: An Informal History, by Peter Sutcliffe (London and New York: Oxford University Press, 1978—$15.00)

Mary Hill and Wendell Cochran's Into Print: A Practical Guide to Writing, Illustrating, and Publishing (Los Altos, Calif.: William Kaufmann, Inc., 1977—$12.00/6.951)

Stanley Rice's Book Design: Systematic Aspects (274 pp., $17.50)

Stanley Rice's Book Design: Text Format Models (215 pp., $17.50)

John Y. Cole, ed. The Library of Congress in Perspective: A Volume Based on the Reports of the 1976 Librarian's Task Force and A visory Groups (New York: R.R. Bowker, 1978—$21.95)

Literary Market Place: 1978 Edition (New York: R.R. Bowker, 1978— $22.50, paper)     

Achieving practical broadcast experience

The fundamental purpose of higher education is to expose the student to the theories, processes and literature of one or more fields of study. However, there is no doubt that thorough training in the applied aspects of that field will be of great help both to the student and the industry he plans to join. A thorough knowledge of broadcasting as an art, a business, and a profession should fit the student both for obtaining his first position and rising up the ladder with greater ease than someone without such training. Without slighting in any way the academic study of broadcasting, it is evident that any methods for obtaining practical experience to complement and supplement the classroom are worth consideration.