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41.
This study explored the socialization of 118 Division-I student-athletes via the topics of memorable messages that they received prior to their arrival on campus. Ten topics were identified (i.e., desirable attitudes, hard work, physical skill or ability, opportunities, pride, inclusion, challenges, athletes as symbols, the importance of education, and the duration of college athletics) using first cycle coding and were subsequently categorized as either addressing the characteristics or experiences of collegiate student-athletes using second cycle coding. These findings continue to demonstrate that characteristics and experiences associated with roles are prevalent within athletes’ memorable messages but also highlight the inherent ambiguity and the contradictions regarding how to use these messages and balance the dual roles of being a student-athlete. This study provides a novel communicative lens for understanding athlete socialization but underscores the need to recognize receivers’ processing and application of memorable messages. 相似文献
42.
Brian R. Belland 《Educational Psychology Review》2011,23(4):577-600
Problem solving is an important skill in the knowledge economy. Research indicates that the development of problem solving
skills works better in the context of instructional approaches centered on real-world problems. But students need scaffolding
to be successful in such instruction. In this paper I present a conceptual framework for understanding the effects of scaffolding.
First, I discuss the ultimate goal of scaffolding—the transfer of responsibility—and one way that scholars have conceptualized
promoting this outcome (fading). Next, I describe an alternative way to conceptualize transfer of responsibility through the
lens of distributed cognition and discuss how this lens informs how to promote transfer of responsibility. Then I propose
guidelines for the creation of problem solving scaffolds to support transfer of responsibility and discuss them in light of
the literature. 相似文献
43.
AnnaMarie Conner Kelly W. Edenfield Brian W. Gleason Filyet Asli Ersoz 《Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education》2011,14(6):483-504
In this article, we report on a study of beliefs about mathematics, teaching, and proof conducted with six prospective secondary
mathematics teachers as they completed a two-semester sequence of a content course and a methods course. The initial beliefs
of the participants were identified using interview and survey data, and potential shifts in beliefs were examined through
further interview and survey data combined with classroom observations and written work. While their beliefs about mathematics
and proof appeared to be relatively stable, their beliefs about teaching shifted from a more teacher-centered view to beliefs
that foreground the activities and understandings of the students. These shifts are analyzed using the construct of belief
structures, and activities and events from the courses that may have facilitated the shifts are identified. The results are
consistent with the literature in some respects, such as the stability of the participants’ beliefs about mathematics. On
the other hand, our results present new information about how prospective secondary mathematics teachers’ beliefs about teaching
may be impacted. 相似文献
44.
Recai Akkus Brian Hand 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2011,9(4):975-998
This study examines the changes in teaching practices during the implementation of a pedagogical model called the mathematics
reasoning approach (MRA), which was founded on 2 critical areas in mathematics, problem solving, and writing to learn. Three
algebra teachers implemented the approach with their classes, which were divided into control (traditional) and treatment
(student-centered approach) groups, with their levels of implementation measured by the Reformed Teaching Observation Protocol
(RTOP) instrument. The implementation of the model resulted in positive changes in teachers’ pedagogical practices and yet
showed the struggles they faced. In the control classes (traditional classes), the level of teaching remained the same throughout
the study, whereas in the treatment classes (MRA classes), a significant improvement in the level of teaching was observed.
Even though the teachers’ implementation levels differed from each other, the patterns of the change for all 3 teachers showed
similarities; that is, their MRA teaching level was initially equivalent to their control teaching, but as the semester progress,
there was a separation between the 2 approaches. This separation between the 2 approaches appeared to be dependent upon the
pedagogical area on which the teacher put emphasis. The skill of questioning seemed to be 1 which each teacher first changed. 相似文献
45.
This case examines how functionalist approaches manifest culturally based on users’ contexts. The authors conduct a critical visual semiotic analysis of the race and Hispanic origin questions on the 2010 U.S. Census form, demonstrating how incongruities in design potentially harm people. This demonstrates a need for adding critical analyses to design and research and it refocuses the Society for Technical Communication’s value of promoting the public good on to design and documentation in order to fight injustice. 相似文献
46.
Brian Merrick 《Children‘s Literature in Education》1991,22(1):25-34
Brian Merrick bas made a major contribution to the development of poetry teaching for younger children in the United Kingdom during the 1980s. CLE invited bim to look back over the decade and to select a personal list of favorite collections.ForCLE he has written on Poetry in Performance (issue 35) and Charles Causley (issue 70). The latter article was expanded intoTalking with Charles Causley for the National Association for the Teaching of English (1989). NATE has also published his influentialExploring Poetry: 5–8 (1987) andExploring Poetry: 8–13 (1990). 相似文献
47.
Counselor Educators' Experiences Preparing Preservice School Counselors: A Phenomenological Study 下载免费PDF全文
Jennifer Scaturo Watkinson Emily C. Goodman‐Scott Ian Martin Kathy Biles 《Counselor Education & Supervision》2018,57(3):178-193
The authors conducted a phenomenological study to explore the experiences of 32 school counselor educators preparing preservice school counselors. Analysis of data from 3 focus groups revealed 3 themes: breadth versus depth, balancing specialties and professor partiality, and preparation versus practice. These results highlight the need for collaboration across counseling specialties at the preservice level. 相似文献
48.
A series of school extracurricular activities and types of personal, informal interactions were developed to reflect the various types of interracial contact situations defined by Gordon Allport inThe Nature of Prejudice. These were used to determine whether cross-race contact through participation in extracurricular activities in high school could be used to predict cross-race contact at the university. Canonical correlations indicted that, for whites, frequency of cross-race contact while in high school is a predictor of frequent cross-race contact at the university. Additionally, those who gain experience in cross-racial situations through participation in Supportive Norm or Cooperative Interdependent activities in high school are likely to engage in Equal Status forms of contact at the University.This article is based on a paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New York, 1982. 相似文献
49.
50.
In Experiment 1, male rats were exposed to either aggressive (i.e., alpha) or nonaggressive conspecific colonies and tested 24 h later, with or without alpha odors, for freezing behavior and burying of a wall prod that had been the source of a brief electric shock. The results indicated that prior defeat experience and the presence of alpha odors alone during testing had no significant effects, but the combination of prior defeat and alpha-odor testing significantly decreased burying and increased freezing behavior. In Experiment 2, we examined the effects of noncontact exposure to a cat, as a predatory Stressor, during subsequent prod-shock tests involving the presence or absence of cat odors. Exposure to a cat failed to disrupt later prod burying and did not produce freezing. However, the presence of cat odors during testing significantly reduced the amount of defensive burying,without resulting in an increment in freezing. In Experiment 3, rats were given 1, 5, or 30 inescapable preshocks in the presence of either cat odors or a hedonically neutral citronella odor and were tested 24 h later for prod burying and freezing with or without these odors. Both the cat and the citronella odors resulted in a significant reduction in burying and an increase in freezing for rats given 5 and 30 preshocks and tested in the presence of these respective conditioned odors. For the groups that were given 5 preshocks, preshock and later testing in the presence of cat odors resulted in significantly less prod burying and more freezing than for rats that were preshocked and tested in the presence of citronella. The findings of these three ethoexperimental studies are discussed in terms of the learned-helplessness theory, the stress-coping-fear-defense (SCFD) theory, and the concept of selective CS-US associability. 相似文献