学校领导在欧洲

作为一名校长或者一名从事开发校长培训课程的理论工作者,是否了解本国以及世界各国关于校长工作条件、角色以及校长影响力的情况,至关重要。本文主要论述:欧洲在这个领域的最新发展;欧盟目标,即在拥有49个成员国和更多语种的欧盟,发展一个欧洲学校系统和一个欧洲学校领导模式;国家层面上的校长协会和欧洲层面上的欧洲中小学校长联合会的创建;欧洲中小学校长联合会在把学校领导的利益植入欧洲一体化进程中的地位及其项目;以及教育领导的道德维度。     

The effect of unilateral balance training on postural control of the contralateral limb

To investigate the impact of unilateral balance training on postural control of the trained and contralateral limb in healthy elderly. Fifty-one healthy old adults were randomly assigned into training group (TG) and control group (CG). Participants of the TG performed unilateral balance training (dominant (DOM) leg) over 4 weeks (4×/week). Centre of pressure analysis was performed at baseline, 5 weeks follow-up and 9 weeks follow-up under the following conditions: (1) one-leg stance without additional task, (2) one-leg stance with motor task and (3) one-leg stance with cognitive task. From baseline to 5 weeks follow-up, a mixed analysis of variance detected a significant time × group interaction for the DOM leg (P < 0.05), indicating higher improvement of the TG in comparison to CG. No significant interaction effect was found for the non-DOM leg. Within the TG, the non-DOM leg significantly improved in mean velocity (P = 0.001) and anterior–posterior range (P < 0.001). Unilateral balance training was effective to improve postural control of the trained leg. The effect on the contralateral leg was small and not significant within this study design. Improvements were retained after 4 weeks without training. A tendency is given that unilateral balance training might be beneficial to improve postural control of the contralateral leg.     

LEARNING BY DOING – PIAGETS KONSTRUKTIVISTISCHE LERNTHEORIE UND IHRE KONSEQUENZEN FÜR DIE PÄDAGOGISCHE PRAXIS

Piaget's theory of genetic recognition has a number of pedagogical implications. With the swing from structuralism to constructivism, Piaget created one of the first constructivist learning theories around the middle of this century. After this has been briefly presented, its relationship to present-day teaching and learning research, pedagogical practice and other forms of constructivism is examined critically. Although Piaget's theory does not embrace all forms of human learning, it does contain some significant pointers for pedagogical practice. An appropriate practical application of Piaget's learning theory would be to teach by encouraging spontaneous activity and the interests of the pupils.     

Friends’ influence on the development of academic values in mathematics: are there differences between female and male dyads?

European Journal of Psychology of Education - Based on the social cognitive theory and the emotional contagion theory, this study investigated if friends influence (reinforce or change) the...