The development of the ability to recognize the meaning of iconic signs

Early developmental psychologists viewed iconic representation as cognitively less complex than other forms of symbolic thought. It is therefore surprising that iconic signs are not acquired more easily than arbitrary signs by young language learners. One explanation is that children younger than 3 years have difficulty interpreting iconicity. The current study assessed hearing children's ability to interpret the meaning of iconic signs. Sixty-six 2.5- to 5-year-olds who had no previous exposure to signs were required to match iconic signs to pictures of referents. Whereas few of the 2.5-year-olds recognized the meaning of the iconic signs consistently, more than half of the 3.0-year-olds and most of 3.5-year-olds performed above chance. Thus, the ability to recognize the meaning of iconic signs gradually develops during the preschool years. Implications of these findings for sign language development, receptive signed vocabulary tests, and the development of the ability to interpret iconic symbols are discussed.     

关于猫、黄金、老头和金字塔的三个不同故事

两位考古专家一同前去参观金字塔,晚上便住在开罗市郊的一家小旅馆里,一个人留在房间里面写工作日记,另一个人就上街闲逛。他在路边发现有一个老妇人在卖一只黑色的工艺猫,要价1000元。他忽然发现这只猫的两只眼睛竟是两颗大     

Beyond words: the importance of gesture to researchers and learners

Gesture has privileged access to information that children know but do not say. As such, it can serve as an additional window to the mind of the developing child, one that researchers are only beginning to acknowledge. Gesture might, however, do more than merely reflect understanding-it may be involved in the process of cognitive change itself. This question will guide research on gesture as we enter the new millennium. Gesture might contribute to change through two mechanisms which are not mutually exclusive: (1) indirectly, by communicating unspoken aspects of the learner's cognitive state to potential agents of change (parents, teachers, siblings, friends); and (2) directly, by offering the learner a simpler way to express and explore ideas that may be difficult to think through in a verbal format, thus easing the learner's cognitive burden. As a result, the next decade may well offer evidence of gesture's dual potential as an illuminating tool for researchers and as a facilitator of cognitive growth for learners themselves.     

基于国家教育标准的地理教材

为进一步增强美国地理教育。我们要做的许多事情之一就是改进教材的质量。其中最主要的三个方面的任务是:(1)开发优良的教材,(2)利用教师联盟的在职培训网络和职前教育计划培训教师使用这种新教材,(3)通过提供强有力的课程指导,特别是将教材与师资培训和基于国家     

心路历程--流逝的岁月

Old age gives us the privilege to explore, to innovate, to challenge.Dear Friends,This is our twelfth monthly column and the first-year anniversary of our conversation together in the pages of Overseas English. We call this a milestone in English. Is there a Chinese word for it?I would like to begin our column with one of my own poems.     

为大学毕业生开设的速成本科护理课程与传统护理课程学生成绩的比较

由于技术进步,经济波动,护理短缺,护理患者所需知识的增加,人们对新的护理教育模式更感兴趣。目前美国各地许多护理院校已采取了各种不同模式的学士后护理教育,大致有三种新的模式:对非护理学院毕业生的护理学士学位课程,普通硕土学位课程和护理博士学位课程。作者对新旧两种护理学士学位课程的学生进行了比较,发现新模式培养的学生在护理成绩和注册护士考试通过率方面明显高于传统模式教育的学生。     

克鲁普斯卡娅论儿童阅读的教育作用

在新的社会主义社会条件下,苏联教育学解决了许多尖锐的、有碍于培养和教育劳动人民和正在成长中的一代人的社会矛盾。文化革命消除了广大劳动人民目不识丁的状况,初等义务教育和七年制义务教育的彻底实现,使广大人民群众都能享受包括文学作品在内的世界文化成就。作为一位教育家——马克思主义者,克鲁普斯卡娅认为,科学以及建立在世界历史经验基础上的理论知识,是人类的最高成就。她提出,要全面地、经常     

加拿大住家保姆计划

作为加拿大住家保姆的资格 专门的加拿大住家保姆计划的目的是:当没有足够的加拿大人去从事这个工作时,引入外国人到加拿大做住家保姆工作。 当申请成功者接到加拿大雇佣授权,允许他们到加拿大作住家保姆的工作,到加拿大后,三年内必须完成两年这样的雇佣,才能向加拿大     

英国《化学习题精选》(一)

《化学习题精选》是英国中学化学教师为学生提供复习和提高作业质量而编的。它的特点有:1.围绕题目编成一系列短小的问题。这些问题系按照英国现用的教材结构编写的;由浅入深,由易到难,逐步引导学生的学习兴趣;可在课内外用作讨论或练习之用。2.作者将各小题划分为三种类型:(1)知识性(以K表示),理解性(以C表示)及综合性(以H表示)。每小题都注明评分标准,用以了解学生的知识水平和分析问题、解决问题的能力。本书共有一百题,我们根据我国中学化学教学大纲的内容选译部分习题,供教师们参考、选用。选译习题中也略有超我国教材水平的,可作因材施教之用。习题的后面,附有用数字回答问题的答案。