中国煤炭需求弹性估算:时间波动与区际差异

需求弹性是经济学中的基础概念,也是我国煤炭市场化进程中的重要研究对象.不同于以往的宽泛研究,本文分别从国家维度、时间维度和区域维度对1995-2010年间的我国煤炭需求弹性展开系统化研究.基于面板数据模型的研究发现全国煤炭需求的价格弹性为0.59,煤炭在所考察期间总体呈现出刚性需求现象,但基于截面数据的回归结果显示各考察年份的煤炭需求弹性为负值且存在着较大的时间波动,而各区域时间序列的回归结果表明煤炭需求弹性的区际差异: 煤炭主产地其值为负,消费地其值为正.分析发现以国家维度和时间维度的研究结论相互矛盾,而以区域维度的研究结果更加科学合理,具有更为可靠的理论和现实指导意义.     

Experience of completing a PhD: a student's perspective

This article describes the experiences of a student who undertakes a period of intensive research for a doctorate whilst still being employed as a teacher working with children with special educational needs. Carol Wolstenholme gives an ‘insider glimpse’ into the challenges and opportunities presented to her as a teacher‐researcher and offers readers a personalised reflection on both her chosen research topic and the process of obtaining an advanced qualification in special educational needs.     

A QUANTITATIVE METHOD FOR MEASURING SEX “BIAS” IN STANDARDIZED TESTS1

The item content of eight standardized tests was examined for sex imbalance as well as for stereotyped representations of women. A quantitative method for classifying tests with respect to sex imbalance was devised which depended upon the frequency counts of male and female nouns and pronouns. Applications of this method revealed that all eight of the standardized tests exhibited considerable sex imbalance and, further, that this sex imbalance was not due to the language restrictions of English. For 19 of the 27 batteries analyzed, males are referred to more than twice as often as females. For only one battery, females were referred to more often than males. Test constructors, editors, and publishers are invited to make use of the index to measure sex imbalance in new, as well as already published testing materials. In this way, the undesirable reinforcement of discriminating sex-role stereotyping can be curtailed, and the preponderance of male noun and pronoun references can be eliminated.     

The Use of a Mock Trial as an Instructional Method in Counselor Preparation

This article describes the use of a mock trial as an instructional method to teach complex legal, ethical, and professional issues in counselor education.