An Interactional Model for Empowering Women in Supervision

Gender-related power differences have been observed in supervision. Empowering women involves attending to women's need for connection in interactions. An interactional model for encouraging connected power in supervision is presented.     

Poetics of the Encyclopaedia: Knowledge,Pedagogy and Research Today

This paper explores ways in which Roland Barthes' discussion of the encyclopaedia provides us with resources for thinking about education and research practice today. What Barthes addresses in his essay ‘The Plates of the Encyclopedia’ is a particular encyclopaedia, the Encyclopédie produced by Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d'Alembert, which was published in France between 1751 and 1772. This is commonly referred as the first of a form that we recognise as the encyclopaedia today. I begin with Barthes' analysis and critique of the Encyclopédie. Barthes, writing in 1964, engages with the Encyclopédie as an iconic product of its time, seeing it as conditioned by and, in effect, reinforcing a particular way of experiencing the world. Next, I consider ways in which a parallel critique is pertinent today. I explore some current examples of encyclopaedic form in relation to education and educational research. The purpose of this is to examine the interplay between particular cultural products and their society, in which not only certain types of knowledge but also a certain conception of knowledge are produced and reinforced. So, it will not be the purpose of this paper to provide direct analysis or critique of the Enlightenment, or to provide a historical account of knowledge. Rather, what I am interested in is problematising a particular understanding of language and knowledge that arises through these cultural products, particularly with regard to educational inquiry. This lays the way for thoughts expressed by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari in What is Philosophy? which, as I shall try to show, are of help in furthering the analysis of the dominant research culture's use of such products and in imagining the task of education and research differently.     

Beyond the ‘classic’ nurture group model: an evaluation of part‐time and cross‐age nurture groups in a Scottish local authority

This study begins to explore ways in which the principles underpinning the traditional ‘nurture group’ model could be altered and age ranges extended while continuing to deliver the proven success of nurture groups in promoting children's social and emotional development. Part‐time nurture groups were established in four different primary schools within the same council area. A total of 25 pupils ranging from age four to ten years attended the nurture groups for the 2006/7 school session and a control group was established within each school. All fifty children were tested using the Boxall Profile, literacy, numeracy and motor skills baseline assessments at pre‐, mid‐ and post‐nurture group intervention. Analysis of the results showed that for the children who had received a part‐time nurture group experience, statistically significant gains were made in the areas of development assessed by the Boxall Profile. Gains were also made in the areas of literacy, numeracy and motor skills; however, these gains were not at a statistically significant level. Results also show that the younger the pupil accessed the nurture group, the more significant gains were made in the measures used.     

儒家的社会规范与阴阳五行秩序

所谓规范指称“标准化的秩序”。社会规范指的是为社会成员所提供的是非标准和行为指南，因而也是人们具体行为必须要遵循的行为法则。儒家的社会规范可分为两种：一是以“德礼”为核心的积极的规范，其目的在于通过教化的力量来改变人们行为的根本态度；二是以“法刑”为核心的消极规范，其目的在于通过物理的制裁来暂时控制人们的行为。规范必须拥有其合理性。在儒家看来，社会的规范不是来自于近代社会学理论所讲的社会契约，而是来自于自然本身的秩序。因而“三纲五伦”以及“礼乐”、“刑政”等规范都体现着阴阳五行的自然法则。跟近代的社会学理论相比，儒家的社会规范具有以下的特点：其一，儒家的社会规范不是以平等的个人，而是以有差别的个人为前提；其二，儒家规范的根本目的不在于实现功利性或者效率性，而在于实现道德性；其三，儒家的规范不是为了实现社会契约，而是为了实现阴阳五行的自然秩序。     

中国传统教育的特色与反省

本文所要讨论的是传统中国教育的特色。依序交待下面七个特色:养士教育与科举的影响,为己之学与书院的理想与实践,儒家经典的教育,庶民教化、祭祀与"儒家正统",个别施教、不分年龄班次的教育,文字考试的影响,权威人格的形成。这些是笔者研究中国明末以前教育史的结论。     

Roots of Greatness: Future Directions

This article contains essential and contemporary information in the form of opinion statements written by past-presidents of ACES and serves to meet archival and proactive functions for those persons associated with the guidance and counseling movement. Fifteen leaders report their perceptions and suggest directions vital to future progress in facilitating the work of counselor education graduates. Without exception, the leaders set a mood for optimism with expressions of need for preparation standards of high quality in counselor education—a product of the delicate triangle linking faculty, graduates, and subject matter of the counseling field.     

The Counselor as a Developmental Instructor

The role of a developmental instructor is described as the use of information about students to structure classroom environments to maximize personal growth and mastery of subject matter. The subject matter for one course “Themes in Human Identity” was drawn from current and classical literature. Developmental change was assessed according to Perry's model of ethical and intellectual development of college students. Twentyeight of thirty-one students showed positive change.