初中物理电子教材的设计原则

电子教材是一种利用多媒体手段的一种教材,它可以涵盖文字、图片、视频、动画、习题、解答等材料内容和展示手段。本文是介绍的是在设计电子教材时所要遵循的五个设计原则,即不替代学生动手实验原则、抽象概念形象化原则、练习题分层原则、不代替教师原则和准确、有逻辑、连贯、完整、简洁性原则。     

Recognizing the face of Johnny, Suzy, and me: insensitivity to the spacing among features at 4 years of age

Four-year-olds were tested for their ability to use differences in the spacing among features to recognize familiar faces. They were given a storybook depicting multiple views of 2 children. They returned to the laboratory 2 weeks later and used a "magic wand" to play a computer game that tested their ability to recognize the familiarized faces and their own face based on the spacing of features. Children performed at chance levels. Follow-up studies confirmed that they had attended to internal facial features and validated the stimuli. The results contrast with studies showing some sensitivity to the spacing of features in infants and preschool children; multiple mechanisms of face processing may make use of spatial relations and develop at different rates.     

Testing the double-deficit hypothesis in an adult sample

The double-deficit hypothesis of dyslexia posits that reading deficits are more severe in individuals with weaknesses in phonological awareness and rapid naming than in individuals with deficits in only one of these reading composite skills. In this study, the hypothesis was tested in an adult sample as a model of reading achievement. Participants were parents of children referred for evaluation of reading difficulties. Approximately half of all participants reported difficulty learning to read in childhood and a small subset demonstrated ongoing weaknesses in reading. Structural equation modeling results suggest that the double-deficit hypothesis is an accurate model for understanding adult reading achievement. Better reading achievement was associated with better phonological awareness and faster rapid automatized naming in adults. Posthoc analyses indicated that individuals with double deficits had significantly lower reading achievement than individuals with single deficits or no deficits.     

The future of applied child development research and public policy

After reviewing a brief general history of applied child development research, this paper suggests that in the future we should study questions that society needs to answer as well as questions that might contribute to theory, and that our research methods need to be adjusted to match these types of questions. Further, academics are urged to broaden their audience from a nearly exclusive focus on other academics to a focus on the three ps--practitioners, policymakers, and the public--and to recognize that scholarship is packaged differently for these audiences. Finally, it is suggested that applied child development research should market as well as sell, partner with nonacademic groups, disseminate results more vigorously, and focus efforts on local as well as national issues.     

纸条飞呀飞

纸条飞呀飞,飞到你心里,心里有困惑,我来帮助你。主持人:华南师范大学心理学硕士朱海英No.1答复纸条/怎样制定新目标海英姐姐:您好!过了一个冷冷的寒假,现在又迎来了新学期。不瞒您说这个学期我想大干一番,因为上个学期我有的地方做得不是很好,只是不知怎样制定新学期的学习目标?渴望您指导的妹妹渴望得到指导的妹妹:你好!海英姐姐非常高兴在开学初就收到你的来信,你在信中提出了一个很有价值的问题。的确,“凡事预则立,不预则废”,有了目标,努力才有方向,犹如大海里航行的船只,只有在前进的路上有导航灯,才不容易触上暗礁和迷失方向,也不…     

农村“留守儿童”心理及教育

随着大量农村剩余劳动力到城市务工,其子女由于种种原因不能跟随父母,却留在了家乡,成了“留守儿童”。他们在孤独中期待,在期待中孤独,由于长期缺乏亲情沟通,使他们的心理发生了偏差。这种心理偏差,小学时初见端倪,进入中学则暴露无遗并影响到了他们的生活、学习,这也是农村教育面临的严峻挑战。     

Relationship between child abuse history, trauma, and dissociation in Russian college students

OBJECTIVE: The research was conducted to determine the relationship between violent trauma, child abuse history, and dissociative symptoms in a Russian population. METHOD: Three hundred and one undergraduate students from Moscow State Linguistics University participated in the study and completed the Dissociation Continuum Scale, the Violence History Questionnaire, the Traumatic Events Survey (TES), and a demographic measure. RESULTS: Scores on dissociation and its subfactors were significantly higher in the Russian sample compared to the normative US group. The best predictors for dissociation were experiencing a violent trauma, child abuse history, and/or the experience of a fearful event. Those participants with a prior child abuse history were more symptomatic after adult trauma than those with no such history. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between trauma/abuse and dissociation is unlikely to be a result of suggestion by therapists or media exposure, since the correlation appears in a Russian population who are relatively unexposed to these suggestive sources. The validity, reliability, and structure of the dissociation measure were relatively similar in American and Russian samples.     

Back pain/discomfort in pregnancy: invisible and forgotten

This paper is a comprehensive literature review of original research on the nature of back pain/discomfort in pregnancy. The causes of back pain/discomfort in pregnancy are reviewed and discussed, and the clinical manifestations and implications are explored. This analysis revealed that approximately 50% of pregnant women experience back pain/discomfort with little or no intervention from their health care providers. Thus, back pain/discomfort in pregnancy seems to be invisible and forgotten in contemporary antenatal care. Evidence-based guidelines are provided for both women and health professionals as a way of increasing attention to the prevention of unnecessary back pain/discomfort during pregnancy.     

Eye movement patterns of captioned television viewers

Eye movement of six subjects was recorded as they watched video segments with and without captions. It was found that the addition of captions to a video resulted in major changes in eye movement patterns, with the viewing process becoming primarily a reading process. Further, although people viewing a specific video segment are likely to have similar eye movement patterns, there are also distinct individual differences present in these patterns. For example, someone accustomed to speechreading may spend more time looking at an actor's lips, while someone with poor English skills may spend more time reading the captions. Finally, there is some preliminary evidence to suggest that higher captioning speed results in more time spent reading captions on a video segment.