分组加工模式下制丝生产计划和调度在生产执行系统中的研究和应用

杭州卷烟厂转塘新厂采用新的制丝工艺流程,将从原有的全配方生产模式逐步向分组加工模式改进。杭州卷烟厂生产执行系统根据分组加工的新业务需求,对原有的生产模型和各种基础数据进行了改进,采用全配方作为特殊的分组加工处理的设计思路,实现了分组加工和全配方两种生产模式并存的生产计划和调度。     

Advances in urinary protein biomarkers for urogenital and non-urogenital pathologies

The discovery of protein biomarkers that reflect the biological state of the body is of vital importance to disease management. Urine is an ideal source of biomarkers that provides a non-invasive approach to diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of diseases. Consequently, the study of the human urinary proteome has increased dramatically over the last 10 years, with many studies being published. This review focuses on urinary protein biomarkers that have shown potential, in initial studies, for diseases affecting the urogenital tract, specifically chronic kidney disease and prostate cancer, as well as other non-urogenital pathologies such as breast cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis and osteoarthritis. PubMed was searched for peer-reviewed literature on the subject, published in the last 10 years. The keywords used were “urine, biomarker, protein, and/or prostate cancer/breast cancer/chronic kidney disease/diabetes/atherosclerosis/osteoarthritis”. Original studies on the subject, as well as a small number of reviews, were analysed including the strengths and weaknesses, and we summarized the performance of biomarkers that demonstrated potential. One of the biggest challenges found is that biomarkers are often shared by several pathologies so are not specific to one disease. Therefore, the trend is shifting towards implementing a panel of biomarkers, which may increase specificity. Although there have been many advances in urinary proteomics, these have not resulted in similar advancements in clinical practice due to high costs and the lack of large data sets. In order to translate these potential biomarkers to clinical practice, vigorous validation is needed, with input from industry or large collaborative studies.Key words: urine, protein, biomarker     

读书会的发展与阅读推广组织方式

[目的/意义]当前高校图书馆阅读推广日益重要,针对读书会这一有效的蓷推广方式,分析其利弊,有助于完善读者书会的组织方式,引导读书会更好地发展。[方法/过程]查阅文献资料,搜集整理优秀的读书会案例,调查了解其组织方式,总结国内外读书会的发展史、分类、组织方式及特色,分析并探讨目前我国国内读书会普遍存在的不足之外。[结果/结论]读书会由于小众、自由,同其他阅读推广方式相比,缺乏影响力,未来发展应注重联合多方资源与力量,强化内部管理,并借助多媒体平台,推动读书会更好发展。     

Planning for the Budget-ocalypse: The Evolution of a Serials/ER Cancellation Methodology

The University of North Texas (UNT) Libraries are funded almost entirely by undergraduate student use fees. As the undergraduate enrollment has plateaued in recent years, the libraries have not been able to keep up with rising costs, resulting in a series of cuts to the materials budget totaling around $3.25 million. While some of these cuts took the form of reductions in firm orders and dissolution of approval plans, for the past three years the bulk has come from cancellations of serials and electronic resources. With each year’s cuts, the UNT Collection Development department has been forced to modify and refine their deselection process. This article will show the development of UNT’s strategy for determining cancellations using a variety of methods (overlap analysis, usage statistics, faculty input) and tools (EBSCO Usage Consolidation, Serials Solutions 360).     

Thermally multiplexed polymerase chain reaction

Amplification of multiple unique genetic targets using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is commonly required in molecular biology laboratories. Such reactions are typically performed either serially or by multiplex PCR. Serial reactions are time consuming, and multiplex PCR, while powerful and widely used, can be prone to amplification bias, PCR drift, and primer-primer interactions. We present a new thermocycling method, termed thermal multiplexing, in which a single heat source is uniformly distributed and selectively modulated for independent temperature control of an array of PCR reactions. Thermal multiplexing allows amplification of multiple targets simultaneously—each reaction segregated and performed at optimal conditions. We demonstrate the method using a microfluidic system consisting of an infrared laser thermocycler, a polymer microchip featuring 1 μl, oil-encapsulated reactions, and closed-loop pulse-width modulation control. Heat transfer modeling is used to characterize thermal performance limitations of the system. We validate the model and perform two reactions simultaneously with widely varying annealing temperatures (48 °C and 68 °C), demonstrating excellent amplification. In addition, to demonstrate microfluidic infrared PCR using clinical specimens, we successfully amplified and detected both influenza A and B from human nasopharyngeal swabs. Thermal multiplexing is scalable and applicable to challenges such as pathogen detection where patients presenting non-specific symptoms need to be efficiently screened across a viral or bacterial panel.     

Enhanced single-cell printing by acoustophoretic cell focusing

Recent years have witnessed a strong trend towards analysis of single-cells. To access and handle single-cells, many new tools are needed and have partly been developed. Here, we present an improved version of a single-cell printer which is able to deliver individual single cells and beads encapsulated in free-flying picoliter droplets at a single-bead efficiency of 96% and with a throughput of more than 10 beads per minute. By integration of acoustophoretic focusing, the cells could be focused in x and y direction. This way, the cells were lined-up in front of a 40 μm nozzle, where they were analyzed individually by an optical system prior to printing. In agreement with acoustic simulations, the focusing of 10 μm beads and Raji cells has been achieved with an efficiency of 99% (beads) and 86% (Raji cells) to a 40 μm wide center region in the 1 mm wide microfluidic channel. This enabled improved optical analysis and reduced bead losses. The loss of beads that ended up in the waste (because printing them as single beads arrangements could not be ensured) was reduced from 52% ± 6% to 28% ± 1%. The piezoelectric transducer employed for cell focusing could be positioned on an outer part of the device, which proves the acoustophoretic focusing to be versatile and adaptable.     

Introducing novel approaches for examining the variability of individuals’ physical activity

Tudor-Locke and colleagues previously assessed steps/day for 1 year. The aim of this study was to use this data set to introduce a novel approach for the investigation of whether individual’s physical activity exhibits periodicity fluctuating round a mean and, if so, the degree of fluctuation and whether the mean changes over time. Twenty-three participants wore a pedometer for 365 days, recorded steps/day and whether the day was a workday. Fourier transform of each participant’s daily steps data showed the physical activity had a periodicity of 7 days in half of the participants, matching the periodicity of the workday pattern. Activity level remained stable in half of the participants, decreased in ten participants and increased in two. In conclusion, the 7-day periodicity of activity in half of the participants and correspondence with the workday pattern suggest a social or environmental influence. The novel analytical approach introduced herein allows the determination of the periodicity of activity, the degree of variability in activity that is tolerated during day-to-day life and whether the activity level is stable. Results from the use of these methodologies in larger data sets may enable a more focused approach to the design of interventions that aim to increase activity.     

论CBA篮球运动员的职业道德特点与发展对策

文章运用文献研究和逻辑分析的方法,对我国现阶段CBA运动员职业道德现状进行了审视,总结出现阶段CBA运动员职业道德具有运动员人生观和价值观多样化、运动员竞技体育精神缺乏、运动员职业道德失范形式多样化等几个特点。在此基础上,进一步提出发展CBA篮球运动员职业道德建设的几种途径：（1）完善各项CBA联赛规章制度;（2）加强CBA运动员职业道德教育;（3）建立CBA职业联赛职业道德监督机构;（4）营造良好的职业篮球舆论环境;（5）加强CBA运动员的文化教育,以期能够对我国职业篮球的总体发展提供一个理论上的借鉴。     

给排水专业学生科研创新能力培养模式研究

水环境的变化给传统工科给排水专业带来新的挑战,现行给排水专业人才培养模式需要调整,以满足学生对科研创新能力的需求。该文从实验课程内容改进、实施本科生导师制、本科生科技创新项目等方面对给排水专业本科生科研创新能力培养中出现的一些问题进行了分析,并结合华侨大学给排水专业情况探讨了本科生科研创新能力的培养模式。