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排序方式: 共有137条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
82.
Charles R Pedlar Carlo Brugnara Georgie Bruinvels Richard Burden 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(2):295-305
Maintaining a positive iron balance is essential for female athletes to avoid the effects of iron deficiency and anaemia and to maintain or improve performance. A major function of iron is in the production of the oxygen and carbon dioxide carrying molecule, haemoglobin, via erythropoiesis. Iron balance is under the control of a number of factors including the peptide hormone hepcidin, dietary iron intake and absorption, environmental stressors (e.g. altitude), exercise, menstrual blood loss and genetics. Menstruating females, particularly those with heavy menstrual bleeding are at an elevated risk of iron deficiency. Haemoglobin concentration [Hb] and serum ferritin (sFer) are traditionally used to identify iron deficiency, however, in isolation these may have limited value in athletes due to: (1) the effects of fluctuations in plasma volume in response to training or the environment on [Hb], (2) the influence of inflammation on sFer and (3) the absence of sport, gender and individually specific normative data. A more detailed and longitudinal examination of haematology, menstrual cycle pattern, biochemistry, exercise physiology, environmental factors and training load can offer a superior characterisation of iron status and help to direct appropriate interventions that will avoid iron deficiency or iron overload. Supplementation is often required in iron deficiency; however, nutritional strategies to increase iron intake, rest and descent from altitude can also be effective and will help to prevent future iron deficient episodes. In severe cases or where there is a time-critical need, such as major championships, iron injections may be appropriate. 相似文献
83.
This article is about ‘making’ in education. Often associated with software programming (as in ‘digital making’), making can also involve creating or modifying physical technological artefacts. In this paper, making is examined as a phenomenon that occurs at the intersection of culture, the economy, technology and education. The focus is not on the effects on cognitive gains or motivations, but on locating making in a social, historical and economic context. Making is also described as a form of ‘material connotation’, where connotation refers to the process through which the technical structure of artefacts is altered by culture and society. In the second part of the paper, the theoretical discussion is complemented by a case study in which making is described as a networked phenomenon where technology companies, consultants, volunteers, schools, and students were all implicated in turning a nebulous set of practices and discourses into an educational reality. 相似文献
84.
Susana C. A. Póvoas Carlo Castagna José M. C. Soares Pedro M. R. Silva Mariana V. M. F. Lopes 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(7):755-763
The purpose of this study was to examine the test–retest reliability and construct validity of three age-adapted Yo-Yo intermittent tests in football players aged 9–16 years (n?=?70) and in age-matched non-sports active boys (n?=?72). Within 7 days, each participant performed two repetitions of an age-related intensity-adapted Yo-Yo intermittent test, i.e. the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 children's test for 9- to 11-year-olds; the Yo-Yo intermittent endurance level 1 for 12- to 13-year-olds and the Yo-Yo intermittent endurance level 2 test for 14- to 16-year-olds. Peak heart rate (HRpeak) was determined for all tests. The distance covered in the tests was 57% (1098?±?680 vs. 700?±?272?m), 119% (2325?±?778 vs. 1062?±?285?m) and 238% (1743?±?460 vs. 515?±?113?m) higher (p?≤?.016), respectively for football-trained than for non-sports active boys aged 9–11, 12–13 and 14–16 years. The typical errors of measurement for Yo-Yo distance, expressed as a percentage of the coefficient of variation (confidence interval), were 11.1% (9.0–14.7%), 10.1% (8.1–13.7%) and 8.5% (6.7–11.7%) for football players aged 9–11, 12–13 and 14–16 years, respectively, with corresponding values of 9.3% (7.4–12.8%), 10.2% (8.1–14.0%) and 8.5% (6.8–11.3%) for non-sports active boys. Intraclass correlation coefficient values for test–retest were excellent in both groups (range: 0.844–0.981). Relative HRpeak did not differ significantly between the groups in test and retest. In conclusion, Yo-Yo intermittent test performances and HRpeak are reliable for 9- to 16-year-old footballers and non-sports active boys. Additionally, performances of the three Yo-Yo tests were seemingly better for football-trained than for non-sports active boys, providing evidence of construct validity. 相似文献
85.
Neil Selwyn Luci Pangrazio Selena Nemorin Carlo Perrotta 《Learning, Media and Technology》2020,45(1):90-106
ABSTRACTThis article addresses the deliberately speculative question of ‘What might the school of 2030 be like?’, with a specific focus on the influences of digital technologies. The article adopts the methodological approach of ‘social science fiction’ to explore the ways in which digital technologies might be used in one Australian high school in 2030 (Lakeside), and what this might mean for the people whose lives are enmeshed with these technologies. Through the co-construction of five social science fiction ‘vignettes’ about life within Lakeside, the article considers the increasing prevalence of dataveillance, digital deskilling and the de-territorialization of schooling. The article then goes on to consider changing relationships between time/place, material and coded structures, as well as the increasingly platformized and data-driven nature of schooling in the 2020s. The article ends by considering the ways in which critical scholars can continue to use the methodological approach of social science fiction writing with regard to unpacking the politics of digital education futures. 相似文献
86.
Carlo Salerno 《Higher Education》2004,48(1):101-130
A rich body of literature has emerged that seeks to shed further light on how concepts like globalization and internationalization shape higher education systems and their institutions. This paper examines how the rise of private higher education in various national contexts has engendered global patterns of public financial support for private institutions and particularly the various ways in which public funding is channeled to such providers. A cross-national typology of public/private higher education sectors and a system-level map of how public funding is directed to institutions are both used to explain why different patterns may emerge. This framework is then used to examine the policies and practices in four representative systems: England, Germany, New Zealand, and the state of Pennsylvania in the United States. The available evidence suggests that in systems with weak or newly emerging private sectors, unclear regulations and concerns about quality implies that public funding tends to be channeled into private institutions indirectly (e.g. through tax-abatements and student financial aid). In systems where private institutions play a more substantial role, public funding is channeled to privates using a mix of indirect and direct mechanisms. 相似文献
87.
88.
ABSTRACTThe study examined the links among maternal warmth and adolescents’ empathic concern, moral conviction and prosocial behaviors. Participants were 311 adolescents from a low-income community (M age = 16.10 years; range = 14–19 years; 58.7% girls; 82.7% white; 13.6% Latinx). The results demonstrated that maternal warmth was positively associated with adolescents’ empathic concern and moral conviction. Empathic concern was positively associated with three common forms of prosocial behaviors, and moral conviction was positively associated with four types of prosocial behaviors. Empathic concern and moral conviction also interacted to predict selfishly and selflessly motivated prosocial behaviors. Discussion will focus on the role of maternal warmth in fostering sociomoral tendencies. 相似文献
89.
The Longitudinal Associations Among Temperament,Parenting, and Turkish Children's Prosocial Behaviors 下载免费PDF全文
Deborah J. Laible Asiye Kumru Gustavo Carlo Cara Streit Bilge Selcuk Melike Sayil 《Child development》2017,88(4):1057-1062
In Turkey, responsive behaviors toward kin are expected from children. Despite this, we know little about the factors that influence young Turkish children's prosocial behaviors. The goal was to explore how temperament and parenting are related to children's prosocial development in Turkey. A total of 293 Turkish children (Mage = 49 months; 48.12% females) were followed up for 3 years. Mothers completed measures of their child's prosocial behaviors, as well as measures of their warmth, inductive reasoning, and the child's approach and reactivity. Maternal warmth predicted children's reactivity, and maternal induction predicted children's sociability. Children's reactivity was inversely related to children's helping behavior and sociability was related to more prosocial behavior. Maternal warmth had indirect links with helping through lessening children's reactivity. 相似文献
90.
Giuseppe Carlo Marano 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2008,9(1):15-25
Based on a multiobjective approach whose objective function (OF) vector collects stochastic reliability performance and structural cost indices, a structural optimization criterion for mechanical systems subject to random vibrations is presented for supporting engineer's design. This criterion differs from the most commonly used conventional optimum design criterion for random vibrating structure, which is based on minimizing displacement or acceleration variance of main structure responses, without considering explicitly required performances against failure. The proposed criterion can properly take into account the design-reliability required performances, and it becomes a more efficient support for structural engineering decision making. The multiobjective optimum (MOO) design of a tuned mass damper (TMD) has been developed in a typical seismic design problem, to control structural vibration induced on a multi-storey building structure excited by nonstationary base acceleration random process A numerical example for a three-storey building is developed and a sensitivity analysis is carried out. The results are shown in a useful manner for TMD design decision support. 相似文献