Evaluación y crítica de los nuevos programas de E.G.B.

RESUMEN

El artículo analiza la reforma de los programas educativos para la EGB, que se considera que se limita a una modificación de los contenidos, sin haberse analizado las verdaderas causas del fracaso escolar. Asimismo es criticada la falta de relación entre las bases psicológicas piagetianas que se citan en el texto y la elección y secuenciación de los contenidos. Además, no se intenta conectar las diferentes áreas de aprendizaje, con lo que la educación que el niño recibirá será de una realidad segmentada.     

Access Patterns of Online Materials in a Blended Course

Patterns in student accesses of online materials and their effects upon student performance in a blended course are examined. Our blended course is an introductory business and economic statistics course where lectures are only available online while the traditional class period is used for complementary learning activities. Timing, volumes, intensity, and consistency of the student accesses of the online lectures are considered. Using bivariate and multivariate analyses, measures of timing and consistency are shown to be related to student performance but volumes and intensity of accesses are not.     

Outcome evaluation of a community center-based program for mothers at high psychosocial risk

OBJECTIVE: This study reported the outcome evaluation of the "Apoyo Personal y Familiar" (APF) program for poorly-educated mothers from multi-problem families, showing inadequate behavior with their children. APF is a community-based multi-site program delivered through weekly group meetings in municipal resource centers. METHOD: A total of 340 mothers referred by the municipal social services of Tenerife, Spain were assessed; 185 mothers participated in the APF program that lasted 8 months, and 155 mothers were in the control group. Pre-post test comparisons for the intervention group and post-test comparisons with the control group on self-rating measures of maternal beliefs, personal agency and child-rearing practices were performed. Multivariate tests, t tests and effect sizes (ES) were calculated to determine the program effectiveness on the outcome measures. RESULTS: Mothers' support of nurturist and nativist beliefs and the reported use of Neglect-permissive and Coercive practices significantly decreased after program completion whereas the reported use of Inductive practices significantly increased. Increases in self-efficacy, internal control and role difficulty were also significant in relation to those of the control group. The program was especially effective for older mothers, with fewer children, living in a two-parent family, in urban areas and with either low or medium educational levels. CONCLUSION: The program was very effective in changing the mothers' perceived competences and modestly effective in changing their beliefs about child development and education and reported child-rearing practices. Changes in personal agency are very important for at-risk parents who feel helpless and with no control over their lives.     

Query reformulation mining: models,patterns, and applications

Understanding query reformulation patterns is a key task towards next generation web search engines. If we can do that, then we can build systems able to understand and possibly predict user intent, providing the needed assistance at the right time, and thus helping users locate information more effectively and improving their web-search experience. As a step in this direction, we build a very accurate model for classifying user query reformulations into broad classes (generalization, specialization, error correction or parallel move), achieving 92% accuracy. We then apply the model to automatically label two very large query logs sampled from different geographic areas, and containing a total of approximately 17 million query reformulations. We study the resulting reformulation patterns, matching some results from previous studies performed on smaller manually annotated datasets, and discovering new interesting reformulation patterns, including connections between reformulation types and topical categories. We annotate two large query-flow graphs with reformulation type information, and run several graph-characterization experiments on these graphs, extracting new insights about the relationships between the different query reformulation types. Finally we study query recommendations based on short random walks on the query-flow graphs. Our experiments show that these methods can match in precision, and often improve, recommendations based on query-click graphs, without the need of users’ clicks. Our experiments also show that it is important to consider transition-type labels on edges for having recommendations of good quality.     

对高水平乒乓球运动员腿部爆发力和弹跳力的评价

乒乓球运动是一项非周期性运动,对抗过程中涉及极其复杂的战术、心理和生理因素,球员面对对手的施压需要做出快速反应,其中速度和爆发力是基本的、必备的素质.研究目的探讨乒乓球运动员腿部爆发力的重要作用.研究方法本研究选用29名优秀运动员为实验对象,其中包括17名男性(年龄23.5±5.5岁)和12位女性(年龄20.8±2.9岁),均为西班牙国家乒乓球队成员.采用测力台(Ergotester Globus)、Acer笔记本电脑和一些登记册对运动员进行了全蹲跳(CMJ)和半蹲跳(SJ)测试,并对腿部爆发力和弹跳力进行了评价.实验数据的统计处理由SPSS v12.0和Excel v 10.2软件完成.研究结果在腿部爆发力和弹跳力方面,男女组存在显著性差异(p＜0.001),男运动员优于女性运动员.同样,不同打法的选手之间也存在差异,防守型打法的选手都低于进攻型选手.讨论和结论在CMJ和SJ测试中,防守型打法的选手腿部爆发力和弹跳力均低于进攻型选手.在实验中成绩较好的男女选手,排名均在西班牙前十二以内,进一步证实了腿部爆发力在此项运动中的重要性,尤其对进攻型打法的选手.其原因可归结为血液中所含睾丸激素水平的高低,男选手高于女选手,进攻型选手高于防守型.     

Subgroups of Attributional Profiles in Students with Learning Difficulties and Their Relation to Self‐Concept and Academic Goals

The aim of this article was fourfold: first, to determine whether there are significant differences between students with (N= 173) and without learning disabilities (LD; N= 172) in the dimensions of self‐concept, causal attributions, and academic goals. Second, to determine whether students with LD present a uniform attributional profile or whether there are subgroups of attributional profiles among students with LD. Third, to explore differences between these profiles on the dimensions of self‐concept, academic goals, perception of competence‐incompetence, persistence when faced with failure, peer relationships, and academic achievement. Fourth, to determine whether there are significant differences in the dimensions of self‐concept and academic goals between NLD students and the different LD subgroups. The results indicate the existence of two very distinct attributional profiles in students with LD (Helplessness Profile and Adaptive Profile). The implications of these data with regard to theory and research, as well as educational practice, are discussed.     

新自由主义常识与全球性大学：高等教育中的知识商品化

知识是组织高等教育活动的基本材料和学术生活的基础。传统上作为公共产品的知识正在发生转向,其商品属性和交换价值趋于增强,成为兼具公共产品与私人产品性质的一种混合型产品。在高等教育领域,知识商品化具有多种表征形式,侵蚀了高等教育的公共性。本文结合哈贝马斯和布迪厄的理论框架,阐述了以下观点:知识的公共产品性质是高等教育的公益性、高校的公共形象和学术人的公共身份的基础,也是基础研究的核心价值观之一。坚持知识的公共产品性质,抵制知识商品化的消极影响,既是知识的内在要求也是高等教育的内在要求。