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41.
This paper explores what insights can be drawn from critical theory to enrich and strengthen Sen’s capability approach in
relation to technology and human development. The two theories share some important commonalities: both are concerned with
the pursuit of “a good life”; both are normative theories rooted in ethics and meant to make a difference, and both are interested
in democracy. The paper provides a brief overview of both schools of thought and their applications to technology and human
development. Three areas are identified where critical theory can make a contribution to the capability approach: conceptually,
by providing a critical account of individual agency and enriching the concept of technology beyond the simplistic notion
of commodities; methodologically, by sensitising towards reification and hegemony of scientific tools, and, finally, by emphasising
reflexivity of researchers. 相似文献
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R&D employees frequently must split their limited time between explorative R&D and exploitative operative tasks. This article explores the influence of this multitasking (pursuing both R&D and operations) on employee R&D performance. The article also analyzes how the relationship between multitasking and individual R&D performance interacts with the degree of access to internal and external resources. We hypothesize that multitasking positively affects R&D performance. Furthermore, we assume that the internal resources (funding, facilities, and support) are increasingly relevant when employees combine R&D and operative activities. However, multitasking employees may show less of a need for external resources (access to networks) in comparison to more focused colleagues. The results of a survey of 332 surgeons from 20 academic medical centers in Germany support our hypotheses. We conclude that managers should ensure that their R&D workforce is also involved in daily operations. Output will be optimized if these employees are not only engaged with explorative tasks but are also involved in exploitative activities. However, managers should also ensure that the appropriate organizational support is provided to individuals who attempt to combine exploration and exploitation. Multitasking individuals benefit the most from access to internal resources, whereas external resources are more efficiently allocated to explorative-only employees. 相似文献
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Zhuo-dong?ZhangEmail author Ralf?Wieland Matthias?Reiche Roger?Funk Carsten?Hoffmann Yong?Li Michael?Sommer 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2012,13(4):274-283
To provide physically based wind modelling for wind erosion research at regional scale, a 3D computational fluid dynamics
(CFD) wind model was developed. The model was programmed in C language based on the Navier-Stokes equations, and it is freely
available as open source. Integrated with the spatial analysis and modelling tool (SAMT), the wind model has convenient input
preparation and powerful output visualization. To validate the wind model, a series of experiments was conducted in a wind
tunnel. A blocking inflow experiment was designed to test the performance of the model on simulation of basic fluid processes.
A round obstacle experiment was designed to check if the model could simulate the influences of the obstacle on wind field.
Results show that measured and simulated wind fields have high correlations, and the wind model can simulate both the basic
processes of the wind and the influences of the obstacle on the wind field. These results show the high reliability of the
wind model. A digital elevation model (DEM) of an area (3800 m long and 1700 m wide) in the Xilingele grassland in Inner Mongolia
(autonomous region, China) was applied to the model, and a 3D wind field has been successfully generated. The clear implementation
of the model and the adequate validation by wind tunnel experiments laid a solid foundation for the prediction and assessment
of wind erosion at regional scale. 相似文献
44.
Bernd Carsten Stahl 《Ethics and Information Technology》2006,8(3):97-108
Critical research is becoming increasingly accepted as a valid approach to research in information systems. It is deemed to be particularly suitable for situations where researchers want to address conspicuous injustice, such as in areas of development or the digital divide. Critical research in information systems (CRIS), I will argue, is a possible approach to some of the ethical problems arising in the context of information and communication technology (ICT). It can be sensitive to the question of culture and therefore suitable for researching cross-cultural ethical questions in ICT. It is often unclear, however, what exactly critical research stands for and to what extent critical approaches are applicable across cultural boundaries. This paper will address these problems by proposing a definition of critical research as focused on changing the status quo and aiming for emancipation. It will then look at the question whether different cultures are compatible and comparable and what the role of culture in research on information systems is. The paper will then return to the question whether the critical intention to emancipate and empower humans is an expression of cultural imperialism or whether there are valid ways of promoting emancipation across cultural divides. 相似文献
45.
This study explored pronominal resolution as a measure of reading comprehension beyond single sentences. Specifically, it was hypothesized that the ability to specify the referents of pronouns like this and these that have variable antecedents would be a good probe of the quality of the reader’s mental model. This idea was tested in a study of 123 French eight-year-olds. After controlling for word decoding, vocabulary and syntactic knowledge, various aspects of pronominal comprehension were found to contribute independent variance to reading comprehension: (1) pronominal knowledge as measured in a pronoun selection task, (2) referent specification of pronouns that refer to protagonists. In addition, (3) referent specification of pronouns (French y and en) with variable antecedents added further independent variance. The results support the idea that the ability to specify referents accounts for unique variance in reading comprehension and may tap the quality of the reader’s mental model of preceding text. 相似文献
46.
Erica Melis Giorgi Goguadze Martin Homik Paul Libbrecht Carsten Ullrich Stefan Winterstein 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2006,37(3):405-423
ActiveMath is a complex web‐based adaptive learning environment with a number of components and interactive learning tools. The basis for handling semantics of learning content is provided by its semantic (mathematics) content markup, which is additionally annotated with educational metadata. Several components, tools and external services can make use of that content markup, eg, a course generator, a semantic search engine and user input evaluation services. The components and services have to communicate, pass content and state changes, actions, etc including mathematical semantics and educational markup. The novel event infrastructure supports this communication. This paper focuses on the usage of the content's semantics by selected novel components and sketches the communication. 相似文献
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Eddy Cavalli Lynne G. Duncan Carsten Elbro Abdessadek El Ahmadi Pascale Colé 《Annals of dyslexia》2017,67(1):63-84
A phonological deficit constitutes a primary cause of developmental dyslexia, which persists into adulthood and can explain some aspects of their reading impairment. Nevertheless, some dyslexic adults successfully manage to study at university level, although very little is currently known about how they achieve this. The present study investigated at both the individual and group levels, whether the development of another oral language skill, namely, morphological knowledge, can be preserved and dissociated from the development of phonological knowledge. Reading, phonological, and morphological abilities were measured in 20 dyslexic and 20 non-dyslexic university students. The results confirmed the persistence of deficits in phonological but not morphological abilities, thereby revealing a dissociation in the development of these two skills. Moreover, the magnitude of the dissociation correlated with reading level. The outcome supports the claim that university students with dyslexia may compensate for phonological weaknesses by drawing on morphological knowledge in reading. 相似文献