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21.
This paper examines the relation between situated cognition theory in science education, and feminist standpoint theory in
philosophy of science. It shows that situated cognition is an idea borrowed from a long since discredited philosophy of science.
It argues that feminist standpoint theory ought not be indulged as it is a failed challenge to traditional philosophy of science.
Standpoint theory diverts attention away from the abiding educational and career needs of women in science. In the interest
of women in science, and in the interest of science, science educators would do best for their constituencies by a return
to feminist philosophy understood as the demand for equal access and a level playing field for women in science and society.
Dr. Cassandra L. Pinnick’s research interests focus on formal rationality and the epistemological weight of evidence, evidence in law and science, and anti scientific Realism. Her publications that concern women, science, and the philosophy of science, include essays in the journals Philosophy of Science, Metascience, Social Epistemology, a contributed chapter to the Routledge Companion for Philosophy of Science, and co-editorship of the anthology Scrutinizing Feminist Epistemology of Science (Rutgers). 相似文献
Cassandra L. PinnickEmail: |
Dr. Cassandra L. Pinnick’s research interests focus on formal rationality and the epistemological weight of evidence, evidence in law and science, and anti scientific Realism. Her publications that concern women, science, and the philosophy of science, include essays in the journals Philosophy of Science, Metascience, Social Epistemology, a contributed chapter to the Routledge Companion for Philosophy of Science, and co-editorship of the anthology Scrutinizing Feminist Epistemology of Science (Rutgers). 相似文献
22.
Supervisor induction and continued professional development programmes constitute good practice and are enshrined in institutional policies and national codes of practice. However, there is little evidence about whether they have an impact on either supervisors’ learning or day-to-day practice. Set in a discussion of previous literature, this article unpacks the concepts ‘impact’ and ‘evaluation’ and assesses the medium- and longer term impact of the University of South Australia's doctoral supervisor induction programme, Supervising@UniSA. It suggests that the workshop leads to the acquisition of understanding and knowledge and, for the majority of attendees, also has an impact on supervisory practice. 相似文献
23.
Tony DeBono Armita Hosseini Cassandra Cairo Karen Ghelani Rosemary Tannock Maggie E. Toplak 《Reading and writing》2012,25(6):1403-1426
We examined written expression performance in a sample of adolescents with ADHD and subthreshold ADHD using two different strategies: examining performance on standardized measures of written expression and using other indicators of written expression developed in this study. We examined associations between standardized measures of written expression, cognitive processing measures (working memory, processing speed, language, fine motor ability, and reading efficiency) and behavioral ratings of ADHD by parents and teachers. We also developed a coding scheme for a writing sample to measure productivity and the ratio of self-corrections to errors. The results indicated that written expression performance was most consistently associated with cognitive processing measures and not behavioral ratings of ADHD, based on correlational and simultaneous regression analyses. These results were consistent in the analyses with both the standardized measures and the coding scheme measures of written expression. Findings generally remained robust, regardless of whether participants who met criteria for a learning disability were included or excluded in the analyses. The current results suggest that written expression difficulties in adolescents with ADHD are attributable to processing difficulties that may be associated with ADHD, not to ADHD reported symptoms. Implications for assessment and intervention are discussed. 相似文献
24.
Purpose: This study was situated within a longitudinal study of 5 teachers examining the realities of teaching physical education by determining the impact of individual dispositions and contextual factors on the career trajectories of postprimary physical education teachers in Ireland (Iannucci & MacPhail, 2017). One of these participants, Jane, was examined in this study to gain a greater understanding of the realities and tensions experienced by a postprimary teacher enacting 2 distinct sets of role expectations when teaching physical education and another school subject concurrently. Method: Data reported in this article were collected through a semistructured interview and living graph. An interpretative framework was used for analysis, assessing Jane’s perceived meanings of the identified critical incidents in relation to role theory. Results: Teachers timetabled with physical education and another subject concurrently may be expected to navigate and negotiate 2 distinctly different roles within the school community causing difficulty in assuming both roles simultaneously. Short narratives were used to convey 2 themes: (a) role prioritization and (b) role performance. Conclusion: The study results suggest that the already complex and multifaceted role of a school teacher (Richards, Templin, Levesque-Bristol, & Blankenship, 2014) seems to be further complicated when teachers are tasked with simultaneously teaching physical education and another school subject. With the presence of a role conflict management strategy such as role prioritization (Stryker, 1968), one can presume that teachers who are tasked with teaching physical education and another school subject may experience some level of role conflict. 相似文献
25.
Cassandra M. Popham Fiona S. McEwen Elie Karam Michael Pluess 《Child development》2024,95(3):e206-e223
Refugee children are at increased risk for mental health problems, including post-traumatic stress, depression, and externalizing problems. The refugee environment, maternal mental health, and parenting may reduce or exacerbate that risk. This study investigated their direct and indirect associations with child mental health cross-sectionally in a sample of Syrian refugee child–mother dyads in Lebanon in 2017–19. Mediating pathways were tested using structural equation modeling with 1446 dyads (child: Mage = 11.39, 52.1% females) and again 1 year later with 872 (child: Mage = 12.17, 53.1% females) of the original sample. Mediating pathways from the refugee environment through maternal mental health and parenting to child outcomes were detected, emphasizing the importance of a holistic approach to refugee mental health. 相似文献
26.
27.
Cassandra D. Gipson Jér?ome J. D. Alessandri Holly C. Miller Thomas R. Zentall 《Learning & behavior》2009,37(4):289-298
When pigeons are given a choice between an initial-link alternative that results in either a terminal-link stimulus correlated
with 100% reinforcement or a stimulus correlated with 0% reinforcement (overall 50% reinforcement) and another initial-link
alternative that always results in a terminal-link stimulus correlated with 100% reinforcement, some pigeons show a preference
for the initial-link alternative correlated with 50% reinforcement. Using this procedure, in Experiment 1, we found a relatively
modest preference for 100% over 50% reinforcement. In Experiment 2, we decreased the reinforcement density for the second
initial-link alternative to 75% and found a significant preference for the 50% reinforcement initial-link alternative. It
may be that this “maladaptive” behavior results from a positive contrast between the expectation of reinforcement correlated
with the 50% reinforcement initial-link alternative and the terminal-link stimulus correlated with 100% reinforcement. But
apparently, the complementary negative contrast does not develop between the expectation of reinforcement correlated with
the 50% reinforcement initial-link alternative and the terminal-link stimulus correlated with 0% reinforcement that often
follow. Such paradoxical choice may account for certain human appetitive risk-taking behavior (e.g., gambling) as well. 相似文献
28.
Margaret O. Brunhofer Arlene N. Weisz Beverly M. Black Cassandra Bowers 《Journal of Teaching in Social Work》2013,33(4):383-399
This article reports on BSW and MSW students' satisfaction with a required orientation workshop designed to socialize them to professional educational and to academic and professional standards of behavior. Students viewed video‐recorded vignettes that addressed problematic behaviors in class and field, followed by faculty‐led, small‐group discussions. BSW students rated the workshops as more helpful than MSW students did. First‐year MSW students rated the workshops as significantly more helpful than advanced standing students, suggesting that more experienced students perceive less need for an orientation. Open‐ended questions revealed that students appreciated the opportunity to meet faculty members and other students. 相似文献
29.
This study investigates the relationship between concentrations of on- and off-premises alcohol outlets and rates of child abuse and neglect. Additionally, the study seeks to locate protective features of a neighborhood's built environment by investigating the potentially moderating role that access to substance abuse treatment and prevention services plays in the relationship between alcohol outlet density and child maltreatment. Using a cross-sectional design, this ecological study utilized data from 163 census tracts in Bergen County, New Jersey, on reports of child abuse and neglect, alcohol outlets, substance abuse treatment and prevention facilities, and the United States Census to investigate the linkages between socioeconomic structure, alcohol availability, and access to substance abuse service facilities on rates of child abuse and neglect. Findings indicate areas with a greater concentration of on-premises alcohol outlets (i.e., bars) had higher rates of child neglect, and those with easier access to substance abuse services had lower rates of neglect, controlling for neighborhood demographic and socioeconomic structure. Additionally, the relationship between on-premises alcohol outlet density and rates of child neglect was moderated by the presence of substance abuse service facilities. A greater concentration of off-premises outlets (i.e., liquor stores) was associated with lower rates of physical abuse. Findings suggest that the built environment and socioeconomic structure of neighborhoods have important consequences for child well-being. The implications for future research on the structural features of neighborhoods that are associated with child well-being are discussed. 相似文献
30.
Cassandra L. Pattinson Sally L. Staton Simon S. Smith Dominique M. Sinclair Karen J. Thorpe 《Early childhood research quarterly》2014
The majority of children cease napping between 3 and 5 years of age yet, internationally, the allocation of a sleep time during the day for children of this age remains a practice in many early childhood education (ECE) settings. These dual circumstances present a disjuncture between children's sleep needs and center practices, that may cause conflict for staff, increase stress for children and escalate negative emotional climate in the room. Testing this hypothesis requires observation of both the emotional climate and behavioral management used in ECE rooms that extends into the sleep time. This study was the first to apply the Classroom Assessment and Scoring System (CLASS) Pre-K (Pianta, La Paro, & Hamre, 2008) to observe the emotional climate and behavioral management during sleep time. Pilot results indicated that the CLASS Pre-K functioned reliably to measure emotional climate and behavioral management in sleep time. However, new sleep-specific examples of the dimensions used were developed, to help orient fieldworkers to the CLASS Pre-K rating system in the sleep time context. The CLASS was then used to assess emotional climate and behavior management between the non-sleep and sleep time sessions, in 113 ECE rooms in Queensland, Australia. In these rooms 2.114 children were observed. Of these children, 71% did not sleep at any point during the allotted sleep times. There was a significant drop in emotional climate and behavioral management between the non-sleep and sleep-time sessions. Furthermore, the duration of mandated sleep time (a period of time where no activities are provided to non-sleeping children) accounted for significant independent variance in the observed emotional climate during sleep-time. The CLASS Pre-K presents a valuable tool to assess the emotional climate and behavior management during sleep-time and draws attention to the need for further studies of sleep time in ECE settings. 相似文献