A Study of the Influence of Some Factors in Style of Composition on the Interest,Comprehension, and Rate of Reading of Fourth-Grade Pupils

The research hypothesis was that memory strategy deficits can occur because of students' failure to understand the task and to evaluate their own performance. The effect of performance feedback on memory strategy use, performance evaluation, and recall was assessed with students with and without mild mental retardation with a mental age of approximately 8.5 years. For students with retardation, feedback resulted in more accurate performance evaluation and recall, but memory strategy use did not increase. By contrast, for students without retardation, feedback resulted in more accurate performance evaluation and greater recall accuracy and memory strategy use. We concluded that students with retardation may not have the appropriate memory strategies in their repertoire and, therefore, feedback does not result in strategy use. It seems likely that memory strategy use in this population would be increased by a training package that includes strategy instruction as well as feedback.     

“Finding the Joy in the Unknown”: Implementation of STEAM Teaching Practices in Middle School Science and Math Classrooms

In response to a desire to strengthen the economy, educational settings are emphasizing science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) curriculum and programs. Yet, because of the narrow approach to STEM, educational leaders continue to call for a more balanced approach to teaching and learning, which includes the arts, design, and humanities. This desire created space for science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics (STEAM) education, a transdisciplinary approach that focuses on problem-solving. STEAM-based curricula and STEAM-themed schools are appearing all over the globe. This growing national and global attention to STEAM provides an opportunity for teacher education to explore the ways in which teachers implement STEAM practices, examining the successes and challenges, and how teachers are beginning to make sense of this innovative teaching practice. The purpose of this paper is to examine the implementation of STEAM teaching practices in science and math middle school classrooms, in hopes to provide research-based evidence on this emerging topic to guide teacher educators.     

Campus Strategic Action in the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fisher</Emphasis> Case: Organizational Stakeholder Advocacy Across the Field of Higher Education

Using a census sampling, this analysis evaluates the campus structures and practices that are predictive of a campus being affiliated with stakeholder legal advocacy regarding the Fisher Supreme Court affirmative action case of 2013. Findings reveal that a campus utilizing selective admissions operated as a sufficient, but not a necessary, requirement to prompt stakeholders to take a legal position in the case. Also, campuses that enrolled and graduated the largest percentages of nonwhite students were inclined to have stakeholders submit amicus briefs advocating support for UT-Austin and the use of race in selective college admissions.     

The new books on our shelf

Women and Leisure: A Study of Social Waste. By Lorine Pruette (Mrs. Fryer). New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., 1924. Pp. xxiv + 225.

Psychological Tests in Business. By A. W. Kornhauser and F. A. Kingsbury. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1924. Pp. ix + 194. Price, $1.90.

Here and Now Primer. By Mrs. Lucy Sprague Mitchell. New York: E. P. Dutton Co. Price, 70 cents.

The Nature of Intelligence. By L. L. Thurstone. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1924. Pp. xvi + 167. Price, $3.75.

The Materials of Beading: Their Selection and Organization. By Willis L. Uhl (University of Wisconsin). Newark, N. J.: Silver, Burdett & Co., 1924. Pp. xiv + 386. Price, $1.50.

The Story Key to Geographic Names. By O. D. von Engeln (Cornell University) and Jane McKelway Urquhart (Cascadilla School). New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1924. Pp. xvi + 279.

Educational Tests and Measurements. By Walter Scott Monroe (University of Illinois), James Clarence DeVoss (State Teachers College, San José, Cal.), and Frederick James Kelly (University of Minnesota). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1924. Pp. xxvii + 521. Price, $2.40.

Beginnings in Educational Measurement. By Edward A. Lincoln (Harvard University). Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co., 1924. Pp. 151.

Reading Blueprints. By James K. Shallenberger. Peoria, Ill.: Manual Arts Press, 1924. Pp. 59. Price, 85 cents.

Carpenter's New Geographical Readers: Africa. By Frank G. Carpenter. Cincinnati: American Book Co., 1924. Pp. 397.

Problems in Architectural Drawing. By F. G. Elwood (Head of Department of Architectural and Mechanical Drawing, Moosehart, Ill., High School). Peoria, Ill.: Manual Arts Press, 1924. Pp. 134. Price, $2.25.

Educational Measurements and the Classroom Teacher. By A. R. Gilliland (Northwestern University) and R. H. Jordan (Cornell University). New York: The Century Co., 1924. Pp. xi + 269. Price, $2.

Laboratory Studies in Educational Psychology. By Egbert Milton Turner (College of the City of New York) and George Herbert Betts (Northwestern University). New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1924. Pp. xii + 218.

An Atlas of English Literature. By Clement Tyson (University of Richmond) and Edgar Finley Shannon (Washington and Lee University). New York: Century Co., 1925. Pp. 136–8¾>×11½> inches. Price, $2.

Woodworking Machinery. By William Noyes (District Director, Bureau of Rehabilitation, Albany, N. Y.). Peoria, Ill.: Manual Arts Press, 1923. Pp. 144. Price, $3.

The Project Method in Geography. By Helen M. Ganey. Chicago: The Plymouth Press, 1924. Pp. 45. Price, 50 cents.

Sheet‐Metal Work. By Marion S. Trew and Verne A. Bird. Peoria, Ill.: Manual Arts Press, 1923. Pp. 64. Price, 85 cents.     

Educational success in a new democracy: modeling university student persistence and completion in Kosovo

Higher Education - In the context of&nbsp;a new democracy, the success of Kosovo university students is crucial to improving the material conditions and long-term stability of the youth in the...     

A biomechanical comparison of initial sprint acceleration performance and technique in an elite athlete with cerebral palsy and able-bodied sprinters

Abstract

Cerebral palsy is known to generally limit range of motion and force producing capability during movement. It also limits sprint performance, but the exact mechanisms underpinning this are not well known. One elite male T36 multiple-Paralympic sprint medallist (T36) and 16 well-trained able-bodied (AB) sprinters each performed 5–6 maximal sprints from starting blocks. Whole-body kinematics (250 Hz) in the block phase and first two steps, and synchronised external forces (1,000 Hz) in the first stance phase after block exit were combined to quantify lower limb joint kinetics. Sprint performance (normalised average horizontal external power in the first stance after block exit) was lower in T36 compared to AB. T36 had lower extensor range of motion and peak extensor angular velocity at all lower limb joints in the first stance after block exit. Positive work produced at the knee and hip joints in the first stance was lower in T36 than AB, and the ratio of positive:negative ankle work produced was lower in T36 than AB. These novel results directly demonstrate the manner in which cerebral palsy limits performance in a competition-specific sprint acceleration movement, thereby improving understanding of the factors that may limit performance in elite sprinters with cerebral palsy.     

A biomechanical approach to evaluate overload and specificity characteristics within physical preparation exercises

ABSTRACT

An essential component of any physical preparation programme is the selection of training exercises to facilitate desired performance outcomes, with practitioners balancing the principles of sports training to inform exercise selection. This study aimed to advance biomechanical understanding of the principles of overload and specificity within exercise selection, utilising novel joint kinetic and intra-limb joint coordination analyses. Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data were obtained from six male sprinters (100 m PB, 10.64–11.00) performing block starts (competitive motor task) and seven training exercises that encompassed traditionally viewed general and more specific exercises. Results highlighted the challenging nature of exercise selection, with all exercises demonstrating capacity to overload relevant joint kinetic features of the block start. In addition, all exercises were able to promote the emergence of proximal and in-phase extension joint coordination patterns linked with block start execution, although traditionally viewed non-specific exercises elicited greater overall coordination similarity. The current research helps advance biomechanical understanding of overload and specificity within exercise selection, by demonstrating how exercise selection should not solely be based on perceived replication of a competitive motor task. Instead, practitioners must consider how the musculoskeletal determinants of performance are overloaded, in addition to promoting task specific coordination patterns.