Participation in transition review meetings: a case study of young people with learning disabilities leaving a special school

Transition into adulthood has been identified as a critical period in the lives of young people with learning disabilities, with national guidance and legislation emphasising the role of participation and inclusion as central to the transition process. In this article, Steven Carnaby, a clinical psychologist working with adults with learning disabilities in London and a lecturer in learning disability at the Tizard Centre, University of Kent; Patricia Lewis, head of the sixth form and SENCo; Di Martin, senior teacher and former SENCo; John Naylor, deputy head of the sixth form and head of arts; David Stewart OBE, headteacher, all from the Shepherd School, Nottingham, report the outcomes of a small-scale case study exploring these issues. The project ran for four years and, in Phase 1, evaluated the ways in which students with learning disabilities were involved in their transition review meetings as they entered their final year at school. This first phase found that many students were excluded from meaningful discussion in their planning meetings, highlighting students with more severe disabilities as being more vulnerable to exclusion. After a series of recommendations were made for improving practice in terms of inclusion and participation, Phase 2 of the study assessed ways in which practice in these areas had improved. The school had developed more individualised ways of working using person-centred techniques to enhance meaning for students. At the close of this article, the authors summarise these improvements and propose further strategies for enhancing the participation process.     

镶嵌刻铜墨盒

我们现在见到的刻铜墨盒，盒体大多为黄铜，少数白铜，个别为紫铜。紫铜者稀贵；白铜以质优和视觉效果好而招人喜爱；黄铜者相对不受欢迎。相比之下，最受青睐的为两镶或三镶的墨盒。     

海纳百川大气磅礴——京剧艺术漫谈

京剧,又称"京戏"、"平剧"(因北京曾更名为北平),甚至有称其为"国剧"者。其融歌、舞、诗、乐等艺术形式于一体,场面宏大,扮相考究,声韵正雅,格调雍容,姿态优美,品位高洁,服饰华丽,大气磅礴,全面展现出中国传统戏曲抒情、写意、象征、诗化的艺术表现力,与中医中药、国画并称中国三大国粹,颇值得一书。     

电刺激前脑内侧束对运动疲劳大鼠纹状体神经元诱发电活动的影响

目的通过电刺激前脑内侧束(medial forebrain bundle,MFB),观察运动疲劳大鼠纹状体(striatum,STR)神经元诱发放电变化特征,揭示黑质(substantia nigra,SN)-STR多巴胺(dipamine,DA)能神经通路对运动疲劳调控的机制。方法雄性健康SD大鼠32只,随机分为安静对照组(control group,CG)和运动疲劳组(fatigue group,FG),每组16只,建立递增负荷运动疲劳模型。电刺激大鼠MFB并微量注射多巴胺Ⅰ型受体(D1 dopamine receptor,D1DR)拮抗剂氟哌啶醇(HAL),采用玻璃微电极观察运动疲劳对SN-STR神经通路电活动的影响。结果运动疲劳后,诱发大鼠STR神经元产生最大兴奋性反应的刺激频率较CG明显增大(P<0.05),抑制性反应单位比例增多,HAL对抑制性反应单位有敏感的阻断作用。结论运动疲劳后,STR诱发放电的频率达到最大值的刺激阈强度增加,SNc区的DA能神经系统主要通过D2DR的作用对STR的电活动进行调节,提示SN-STR DA能神经通路参与了运动疲劳的中枢调控作用。     

中国民营企业国际化转型问题研究

经济危机给我国民营企业带来了机遇与挑战,民营企业如何应对危机,顺应国际化转型趋势,这是我国政府与民营企业家当前必须面对的现实问题。首先探讨经济危机下我国民营企业面临生存环境的新挑战,其次解析我国民营企业国际化战略转型的动因,及我国民营企业国际化转型中的困惑,最后提出了我国民营企业国际化转型的思路。     

退火工艺对轴瓦钢背用冷轧带钢的性能影响

分析了退火工艺对轴瓦钢背用冷轧带钢性能的影响,结果表明,延长退火保温时间、提高退火温度有利于改善渗碳体分布,并增加延伸率。在保温时间为4小时、退火温度为700℃的退火工艺条件下,试验钢的延伸率达到43%的最高值,其屈服强度为220MPa,抗拉强度为355MPa,金相组织为铁素体＋渗碳体,渗碳体分布均匀。     

"蚁族"大学毕业生就业现状分析及对策研究

＂蚁族＂大学毕业生是一个不容忽视的新兴弱势群体。应对＂蚁族＂大学毕业生群体的生存现状做出描述,分析＂蚁族＂现象的根源和成因,并以马克思主义为立足点研究对策,给予高度的人文关怀。     

基于Struts+Spring+log4j框架的日志管理

介绍了J2EE的两种开源框架Spring和log4j,以及它们对基于Struts框架的Web应用系统的日志管理功能的实现。以Struts整合Spring的AOP技术以及log4j框架成功地实现了对Web应用系统的日志管理模块,通过上述技术在Web应用程序中的实际应用,说明了利用上述技术可以提高Web应用程序的开发效率,构造出的系统具有良好的可维护性和可扩展性。     

Clodronate-containing liposomes attenuate lung injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis

Objectives:Severe acute pancreatitis(SAP) can lead to acute lung injury(ALI) .The purpose of this paper is to investigate the protective effect of clodronate-containing liposomes on ALI in rats with SAP.Methods:The thin film method was used to prepare liposomes.Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups.After the SAP model was established by injecting 5%(w/v) sodium taurocholate(2 ml/kg body weight) into the subcapsular space of the pancreata,normal saline was administered to the control(C) group,phosphate buffer solution(PBS) -containing liposome to the Pgroup,and clodronate-containing liposome to the Tgroup through tail veins.Blood samples were obtained from the superior mesenteric vein at 2 and 6 h to measure the levels of amylase,interleukin-6(IL-6) ,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) .Morphological changes in the pancreata and lung were observed using hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining,while cell apoptosis was detected using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling(TUNEL) .In addition,the macrophage marker cluster of differentiation 68(CD68) in lung tissue was detected with immunohistochemistry.Results:Blood levels of amylase,IL-6,and TNF-αwere significantly increased in the Pgroup compared to those in the Tgroup(P0.05) .In the Tgroup,large numbers of TUNEL-positive cells were observed,but no or few in the C and Pgroups.Gross inspection and HE staining of pancreata and lung showed dramatic tissue damage,including inflammation and necrosis in the Pgroup.Less remarkable changes were noted in the Tgroup,and the C group exhibited normal histology.The histological scores according to Kaiser's criteria were consistent with HE findings.The number of CD68-positive macrophages decreased in the Tgroup.Conclusions:Clodronate-containing liposomes have a protective effect against ALI in rats with SAP.Blockade of macrophages may represent a novel therapeutic strategy in SAP.     

Transparency and technological change: Ensuring equal and sustained public access to government information

The Obama administration campaigned on the platform of increased transparency and access to government information after the limitations of the Bush years. As part of this focus on transparency, the Obama administration is emphasizing the use of e-government and new social media services to open up access to government. This paper explores the considerations and challenges of this approach, such as the inclusion of members of the public with limited access to the internet, the use of non-governmental channels to disseminate government information, the permanence of digital-born government information, and the design of e-government.