黑龙江省特殊教育学校体育师资现状的调查研究

针对黑龙江省79所特殊教育学校的95位专职、兼职体育教师为研究对象,运用文献资料、访谈法、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,对特殊教育学校体育教师工作现状进行调查研究,结果发现:体育教师年龄偏大,学历偏低,但工作态度饱满,自我认知度较高,而且渴望进修体育技能和残疾人的矫治及预防方面知识,同时期望上级对学校体育予以重视并且改善学校体育物质条件。     

后奥运正负效应及其对策研究

奥运会已圆满结束,借鉴历史上多数举办过奥运会的国家的经验,与奥运会前期与中期的工作相比较,奥运会结束后的工作更具有长远的意义.特别是奥运结束后,通过旅游与奥运的结合促进后奥运效应的延续,其收益将是巨大的.根据奥运对经济的影响阶段不同,着重通过对后奥运正负效应的分析,从场馆设施以及体育旅游产品开发方面入手,阐述如何从旅游角度使后奥运效应得到延续,使奥运为我国旅游发展带来巨大经济效益.     

Energy balance of locomotion with pedal-driven watercraft

In this study, we examined the mechanics and energetics of locomotion with a paddle-wheel boat and a water bike. Power output (Wtot) was measured directly on the water bike by means of an instrumented chain-ring. The simultaneous assessment of oxygen uptake (VO2) allowed the computation of the "overall" efficiency of locomotion (etao = Wtot/VO2). Mean etao was 0.27 (s = 0.02), which was unaffected by the speed, and was assumed to be the same for the two boats as both are semi-recumbent bicycles. For the paddle-wheel boat, Wtot was then obtained from etao and measures of VO2. The power to overcome (passive) drag was calculated as Wd = D x v (where D is the force measured by means of a load cell when towing the boats at given speeds). Propelling efficiency was calculated as etap = Wd/Wtot, which was lower with the paddle-wheel boat (mean 0.35, s = 0.01) than with the water bike (mean 0.57, s = 0.01). The observed differences in etap and Wd explain why at the highest speed tested (approximately 3 m s(-1), the energy required to cover a unit distance with the water bike is similar to that required to move the paddle-wheel boat at 1.3 m s-1).     

产业集聚对区域创新能力影响机理分析

产业聚集形成的集聚效应可以大大提升产业生产效率,对区域的经济发展具有很强的拉动作用.我国自20世纪80年代开始,在沿海地区开始进行产业集聚生产模式的发展,在取得巨大经济利益的基础上,同时也建立了以产业集聚为基础的科技创新平台,形成具有较强创新能力的科技创新网络.基于此,从产业集聚角度分析影响区域创新能力的运行机理,有着较强的实践意义,也可以为区域经济发展提供一定的理论参鉴.     

Tribute to Dr Jacques Rogge: muscle activity and fatigue during hiking in Olympic dinghy sailing

‘A tribute to Dr J. Rogge’ aims to systematically review muscle activity and muscle fatigue during sustained submaximal quasi-isometric knee extension exercise (hiking) related to Olympic dinghy sailing as a tribute to Dr Rogge’s merits in the world of sports. Dr Jacques Rogge is not only the former President of the International Olympic Committee, he was also an orthopaedic surgeon and a keen sailor, competing at three Olympic Games. In 1972, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Sports Medicine, he was the first who studied a sailors’ muscle activity by means of invasive needle electromyography (EMG) during a specific sailing technique (hiking) on a self-constructed sailing ergometer. Hiking is a bilateral and multi-joint submaximal quasi-isometric movement which dinghy sailors use to optimize boat speed and to prevent the boat from capsizing. Large stresses are generated in the anterior muscles that cross the knee and hip joint, mainly employing the quadriceps at an intensity of 30–40% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), sometimes exceeding 100% MVC. Better sailing level is partially determined by a lower rate of neuromuscular fatigue during hiking and for ≈60% predicted by a higher maximal isometric quadriceps strength. Although useful in exercise testing, prediction of hiking endurance capacity based on the changes in surface EMG in thigh and trunk muscles during a hiking maintenance task is not reliable. This could probably be explained by the varying exercise intensity and joint angles, and the great number of muscles and joints involved in hiking.

Highlights

• Dr Jacques Rogge, former president of the International Olympic Committee and Olympic Finn sailor, was the first to study muscle activity during sailing using invasive needle EMG to obtain his Master degree in Sports Medicine at the Ghent University.

• Hiking is a critical bilateral and multi-joint movement during dinghy racing, accounting for >60% of the total upwind leg time. Hiking generates large stresses in the anterior muscles that cross the knee and hip joint.

• Hiking is considered as a quasi-isometric bilateral knee extension exercise. Muscle activity measurements during sailing, recorded by means of EMG, show a mean contraction intensity of 30-40% maximal voluntary contraction with peaks exceeding 100%.

• Hiking performance is strongly related to the development of neuromuscular fatigue in the quadriceps muscle. Since maximal strength is an important determinant of neuromuscular fatigue during hiking, combined strength and endurance training should be incorporated in the training program of dinghy sailors.

     

"亚住高训"交替训练在中长跑运动员运动实践中的应用

通过"亚住高训"交替训练实验,对12分钟极限跑运动中动态心率、血氧饱和度、"极点"等指标进行研究,探讨"亚住高训"模式对"极点"等指标的影响及其提高中长跑运动员有氧工作能力及运动成绩的新途径.方法:对8名大学生中长跑运动员进行6周"亚住高训"实验研究.测试实验前、中、后期的12分钟极限跑、运动中心率、运动中血氧饱和度等指标,并根据运动生理学原理划分12分钟极限跑中机能变化相对应的"极点"等指标及其持续时间.结果:(1)"亚住高训"交替训练前、中、后,12分钟极限跑成绩、最大摄氧量、运动中心率及血氧饱和度等指标变化,呈现有利于有氧工作能力提高的趋势,部分指标存在显著性差异(P<0.05).(2)"亚住高训"实验后,运动员赛前训练12分钟极限跑的"极点"及其持续时间明显缩短、"第二次呼吸"时间延长、"终点冲刺"时间增加,部分指标存在显著性差异(P<0.05).结论:(1)"亚住高训"交替训练能有效提高运动员12分钟极限跑成绩,对运动员有氧工作能力有积极影响.(2)运动中通过心率、血氧饱和度实时检测,能够反映运动中"极点"第二次呼吸"终点冲刺"等指标的变化规律.(3)"亚住高训"交替训练能对12分钟极限跑过程中"极点"第二次呼吸"终点冲刺"及其持续时间的分配进行干预,有助于中长跑运动成绩的提高.     

Integrated reflectography and thermography for wooden paintings diagnostics

The need of inspecting a masterpiece of fine art without affecting it led to develop non destructive methods of investigation. In the field of art conservation, several diagnostic techniques are being widely used to inspect works of art, giving different but complementary results. The present work deals with two of these methods, reflectography and thermography, both techniques examining objects in the infrared spectrum but in different wavelength bands. Their integrated data potentially provide a powerful tool for mapping hidden features and alterations of artworks. This was confirmed during the inspections of a 13th century panel painting under restoration at the Opificio delle Pietre Dure laboratories (Florence, Italy). A graphical user interface was also designed to aid operators in the field of conservation dealing with the results of the two IR methods. Many options such as image adjustment, comparison, overlaying and transparency variation, in addition to thermographic elaborations, have been made available to users. Imaging data integration provides a multi-layered and multi-spectral representation of the painting that yields a comprehensive diagnosis confirms the anomalies individuation and reduces the ambiguities of information coming from a single diagnostic method.     

从美学角度浅析《枫桥夜泊》的英译

随着跨文化交流的日益加深，大批的中内外学者展开了唐诗英译这一项工作。唐诗翻译不仅要建立在两种语言以及两种文化的对等关系上，更要在这种对等关系中寻求一种美的结合点，使得译文形神兼备。旨在从美学角度出发，浅析张继的《枫桥夜泊》的两个译本。