离散描述系统干扰解耦状态观测器设计及鲁棒故障诊断

对一类带有未知输入干扰的离散描述系统,提出了一种新型的干扰解耦状态观测器;对一类带有未知输入干扰和有界不确定性的离散描述系统,以状态观测器为基础,利用故障信号与观测误差之间的关系,构造了一种带有未知输入干扰的离散描述系统的鲁棒故障诊断方法.该方法不但能够检测系统中是否出现故障,而且还可以估计出故障的幅值大小.文中还讨论了阈值的选取、该算法能检测到的最小故障信号和故障信号的估计误差,其仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

Developing Scientific Literacy in a Primary School

The science education literature demonstrates that scientific literacy is generally valued and acknowledged among educators as a desirable student learning outcome. However, what scientific literacy really means in terms of classroom practice and student learning is debatable due to the inherent complexity of the term and varying expectations of what it means for learning outcomes. To date the teacher voice has been noticeably absent from this debate even though the very nature of teacher expertise lies at the heart of the processes which shape students' scientific literacy. The research reported in this paper taps into the expertise of (participating) primary teachers by analyzing the insights and thinking that emerged as they attempted to unravel some of the pedagogical complexities associated with constructing an understanding of scientific literacy in their own classrooms. The research examines the processes and structures within one primary school that were created to provide conditions to allow teachers to explore and build on the range of ideas that presently inform the scientific literacy debate. The research reports these teachers' views and practices that shaped their actions in teaching for scientific literacy.     

传统武术发展的新思路--关于民族传统体育专业对传统武术人才招生改革的思考

传统武术是中国武术的根,是民族传统文化的载体.在高等院校中很有必要加以继承和发展.传统武术与竞技武术是武术蓬勃发展的两翼,应比翼齐飞,共同发展.民族传统体育专业对传统武术人才招生改革意义重大,不仅有利于武术学科的完善与发展,而且有利于传统武术的水平提高及科学化、学科化的发展.     

大鼠梗阻性黄疸对急性胃粘膜病变的影响及洛赛克对它的预防研究

通过制作大鼠 Ｏ Ｊ和 Ａ Ｇ Ｍ Ｌ 模型,研究了 Ｏ Ｊ对 Ａ Ｇ Ｍ Ｌ 的影响及洛赛克对 Ａ Ｇ Ｍ Ｌ 的预防作用．结果表明： Ｏ Ｊ能明显加强大鼠应激下 Ａ Ｇ Ｍ Ｌ 的形成,且其 Ａ Ｇ Ｍ Ｌ 的严重性与胆道梗阻时间相关,洛赛克对 Ｏ Ｊ大鼠应激下 Ａ Ｇ Ｍ Ｌ 的形成有预防作用     

Sex,sport and justice: reframing the ‘who’ of citizenship and the ‘what’ of justice in European and UK sport policy

Universalist claims are often made about sport which is, as a consequence, increasingly written into national and international policy as an entitlement of citizenship or even human right. Further, in most countries physical education (PE) is a compulsory component of children's education, and sport is seen as central to this. Consequently, in the interests of justice sport must aspire to be egalitarian, that is, relevant to and meaningful for boys and men, and girls and women. In this context three fundamental questions are asked in relation to sport: (1) Do all citizens want to participate? (2) Who counts as a citizen? and (3) What are justice and equality? Feminist political and citizenship theory particularly the work of Pateman, Lister and Fraser is used to explore these questions and interrogate the ‘who’ of citizenship and the ‘what’ of justice in relation to framing sport policy in Europe and the UK. It is argued that notwithstanding the extensive use of the Council of Europe definition of sport,¹1. ‘“Sport” means all forms of physical activity which, through casual or organised participation, aim at expressing or improving physical fitness and mental well-being, forming social relationships or obtaining results in competition at all levels' (CE, 1992 CE. (1992/2001). European sports charter. Retrieved from https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?Ref=Rec(92)13&;Sector=secCM&;Language=lanEnglish&;Ver=rev&;BackColorInternet=9999CC&;BackColorIntranet=FFBB55&;BackColorLogged=FFAC75 [Google Scholar]–2001 CE. (1992/2001). European sports charter. Retrieved from https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?Ref=Rec(92)13&;Sector=secCM&;Language=lanEnglish&;Ver=rev&;BackColorInternet=9999CC&;BackColorIntranet=FFBB55&;BackColorLogged=FFAC75 [Google Scholar]). and despite or even because of the widespread adoption of the language of gender equality and gender mainstreaming, although formal sport citizenship rights might be accorded to all individuals and regarded as gender neutral, this masks a discourse of androcentric sport citizenship. This has captured European and UK sport policy and provision and is hindering further progress towards gender justice in sport and therefore PE. Given the universal and compulsory aspirations of sport particularly within PE, gender justice should be conceptualised not only as cultural recognition, political representation and economic redistribution within the normalised frame of competitive performance sport or ‘sport for sports sake’; but also as a critical meta-political remapping and reframing of sport as sport and physical recreation or ‘sport for all’.     

武术传统技术体系和训练体系的形成

武术在技术上具有技击特点，在文化特征上具有民族特点。其技击特点的保存和发展，与中国哲学的知行合一思想有密切的联系。武术的套路练习和对抗性练习，以及围绕它们而存在的功法构成了武术传统技术体系；而一系列由套路至单势散用，切合实用的训练过程构成了武术传统训练体系。     

基于增量电导法的光伏最大功率跟踪的仿真研究

介绍了光伏电池模型的工程数学模型,并在MATLAB/SIMULINK环境下建立了光伏电池的工程仿真模型。为了能够实现光伏电池的最大功率输出,本文介绍了最大功率跟踪的原理和方法。使用增量电导法实现最大功率点跟踪。并在MATLAB/SIMULINK环境下搭建光伏发电系统的仿真模型进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,搭建的光伏电池波形以及最大功率跟踪控制的仿真结果证明了可行性,可以用于光伏发电系统的仿真研究。     

老年人生命意义与成功老化

目的：探讨老年人生命意义与成功老化间的关系。方法：采用中文生命意义量问卷、成功老化问卷。通过向福建省内各地区65岁以上老人发放问卷（有专员协助）得到有效问卷228份。结果：①生命意义及其各维度与成功老化呈显著正相关;②男性比女性更易实现成功老化,群居的老年人比独居的老年人实现成功老化的可能性更大。结论：老年人生命意义对成功老化有直接的影响,这一结果对提出老年人生命质量的相关干预策略具有重要的理论依据和现实意义。     

大枣现代研究开发进展与展望

大枣在《神农本草经》属上品,味甘平。可安中,养脾,助十二经,平胃气,通九窍,和百药。近年来,对大枣的研究范围广泛,成果卓著。本文就近10年大枣的品种资源、化学成分、药理作用的主要研究进展进行综述,并收集总结了近年来以大枣为主要原料的药品、保健品、食品的研究开发情况等,为相关研究提供近一步参考。     

General University Requirements at Hong Kong Polytechnic University: evaluation findings based on student focus groups

Under the new four-year undergraduate programme, a general education framework titled ‘General University Requirements’ (GUR) has been developed and implemented since 2012/2013 at Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU). To evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of the GUR in its first year, focus group interviews with students were carried out. In 13 focus groups, 62 first-year students from eight faculties/schools who took GUR subjects in 2012/2013 academic year were interviewed by trained researchers. Results showed that students generally had good perceptions of the GUR in terms of the subject content, teaching methods and the overall effectiveness of the subjects. The interactive teaching and learning initiatives adopted in GUR subjects were particularly appreciated, although students expressed minor concerns on the administration of GUR subjects. The results suggest that the first-year implementation of the GUR at PolyU was generally smooth and successful from the perspectives of the students.