Comparison of examination methods used in the evaluation of prepubertal and pubertal female genitalia: a descriptive study

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of three different examination methods in their ability to help the examiner detect both acute and non-acute genital injuries in prepubertal and pubertal girls suspected of having been sexually abused. METHODS: Forty-six prepubertal and 74 pubertal girls, whose ages ranged from 4 months to 18 years, were evaluated to determine the relative effectiveness of three different examination methods. RESULTS: All the girls had sustained a recent genital injury from various causes. The mean time between an injury and the first examination was 24h for the prepubertal girls and 27h for the pubertal girls. The three "multimethod" examination approaches used were the supine labial separation method; the supine labial traction technique; and the prone knee-chest position. The supine labial separation method was useful in identifying an injury on the external portion of the genitalia in both groups of girls. Injuries within the vestibule, on the hymenal surface, or in the fossa navicularis required greater separation of the labia. This was accomplished through the use of either the supine labial traction technique or the prone knee-chest position. The prone knee-chest position was the most successful method for identifying hymenal lacerations in both groups of girls. Of the 10 hymenal lacerations detected in the prepubertal girls 20% were identified during the use of the supine labial separation method, 60% with the supine labial traction technique, and 100% with the prone knee-chest position approach. Of the 49 hymenal lacerations detected in the pubertal girls 24% were identified with the supine labial separation method, 65% with the supine labial traction technique, and 90% with the prone knee-chest position approach. The data from this study has shown that the results of a medical examination will vary by the method employed. CONCLUSIONS: While no single technique detected all the injuries, the use of the multimethod examination approach did prove to be a valuable adjunct in the evaluation of both the prepubertal and the pubertal girl's genitalia, particularly in the identification of a hymenal laceration. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: This approach uses three different examination methods: the supine labial separation method, the supine labial traction technique, and the prone knee-chest position. According to the results of this study, without the combined use of these three methods a significant number of injuries, particularly hymenal lacerations, could be missed in both the child and the adolescent.     

对“主动学习”教学模式的探讨

随着全国中小学“减负有生运动”的开展和大专院校“提高课堂教学质量”活动的兴起,全面推进课堂教学改革已势在必行,主动学习型的教学是一种注重学生技能的发展、知识的综合以及终生学习能力的培养的教学模式,对这一模式进行探讨将对我国素质教育的发展有着重要意义。     

‘I just find it boring’: Findings from an affective adolescent reading intervention

Research suggests that reading engagement and motivation are strong predictors of reading performance. Reading motivation may decline as students approach adolescence, resulting in less time spent with text. To date, there has been no research on how practitioners might directly support students to address affective factors in reading. In this exploratory case study, three disengaged, Year 8 readers received five sessions of an affective intervention aimed at helping them explore and challenge their own ambivalence towards reading. Quantitative and qualitative data from pre‐, post‐ and three‐month follow‐up indicated a range of benefits in relation to reading engagement and motivation, including improved self‐efficacy, increased participation and the usefulness of talking about affective factors in reading. Findings are further examined and implications for practitioners are discussed.     

高风险考试试题保密性和心理测量学研究的基本矛盾

这篇论文以中国高考为例,分析了考试的高风险性对试题心理测量学分析可行性的影响。高风险考试一方面要求高度的试题保密性,另一方面又有对潜在应试者进行实验测试而达到试题质量最优化的要求,而这两种需要之间却存在着一些基本矛盾。本文介绍了一些质化的研究方法;笔者建议在高风险考试的开发阶段主要运用这些质化方法。     

人文地理实践教学体系构建与实现路径探讨

实践教学是高校地理学各专业人文地理课程教学的重要组成部分,薄弱的实践教学现状决定了人文地理课程教学改革的必然性。目前,在多重因素约束下,人文地理实践教学构建应遵循以人为本、量力而行、开放性等原则设计形成立体化实践教学体系,其实现路径包括科学制定培养方案、强化课堂实践教学、加强课程野外实习、完善课程论文写作、全面参与各种社会实践活动等。     

一双袜子

在一个阳光明媚的下午,我走在第五街,突然想起应该买一双袜子了. 我恰巧看到一家短袜专卖店,便走了进去.一个不超过十七岁的男服务员迎上前来说道:“先生,您需要什么?”“我想买一双短袜.”听了我的话,他的眼睛一亮.他的话语充满了激情:“您知道吗?现在您正站在世界上一流的短袜专卖店里!”他热情地向我讲解着.而我却根本没有在意他说的话,因为我来这里实属偶然.“跟我来吧.”他说着,就径直走向商店里面.他不断地把货箱一个个从货架上搬下来,让我随意挑选.     

刍议高中语文教学中宋词的审美鉴赏

宋词是中学语文教学中的一项重要内容。在中学语文教学中,培养学生对诗词的鉴赏能力,宋词无疑是其中的一个闪亮点,也是一条重要途径。在教学实践中,对高中语文教材中所选的词作,从意境美、情感美、语言美和文化内涵等方面来探讨,有利于培养学生的学习兴趣,强化学生的鉴赏能力。     

英汉翻译中语境问题的探讨

英汉翻译的过程是多角度、多层次的,更是是语言内容、形式、语义、文化等方面的综合交流。本文强调了语境分析在英汉翻译中的重要作用,并结合实例从语篇语境、情景语境、文化语境三方面重点探讨了如何在英汉翻译中进行语境分析。     

Fostering entrepreneurship: Changing role of government and higher education governance in Hong Kong

The rise of the knowledge economy has generated new global infrastructures with information technology playing an increasingly important role in the global economy. The popularity and prominence of information technology not only changes the nature of knowledge but also restructures higher education, research and learning. It is in such a wider policy context that an increasing number of institutions of higher learning are being established with new missions and innovative configurations of training, serving populations that previously had little access to higher education. Apart from accommodating a larger number of students, higher education institutions are required to improve their administrative efficiency and accountability in response to the demands of different stakeholders like government, business, industry, and labour organizations, as well as students and parents. The present article sets out in this wider context to examine how and what strategies universities in Hong Kong have adopted to promote entrepreneurial spirit and practices by encouraging academic staff to venture in industrial, business and commercial fields. In addition, this article examines how universities in Hong Kong reform their curricula to make students more creative, innovative and international. More specifically, this article reflects upon the role of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR, hereafter) in promoting entrepreneurship, with particular reference to the interactions between the government, the private sector and the tertiary education sector in promoting a vibrant and dynamic economy.