An integrative perceptual approach for teaching Chinese characters

This paper is concerned with an innovative approach to teaching Chinese characters. Traditionally, pupils learn Chinese characters by repeatedly copying them until they can reproduce their form and pronunciation from memory. Most of the characters pupils are required to learn are selected on the basis of their frequency in adult written communications rather in everyday child usage. The process takes many years and is perceived by pupils as laborious and boring. The writers of the paper developed an approach based on the phenomenographic approach to learning and on various pioneering ways of teaching Chinese characters. Learning starts with the pupils’ own language and characters are introduced and used in contexts meaningful to the pupil, attention being drawn systematically to structural features, written form and pronunciation. Characters are learnt in relational clusters, similarities and variations among related characters in the clusters being used by teachers to highlight and emphasise crucial aspects of Chinese characters and words. The learning mastered serves as a foundation for subsequent learning. After an in-depth discussion of theory and pedagogy, the writers report an investigation in four primary schools in Hong Kong that yields strong support for the efficacy of the approach.     

社会信息化测度体系中信息资源因素集的构建初探

本文从国内外信息化测度方法和模型,以及近年来我国学者进行的众多信息化测度实例出发,抽取信息资源因素,进行了归纳和总结。借鉴前人的研究成果,并依托一定的理论依据和现实依据,笔者构建了一个信息资源因素集,囊括传统文献信息资源（图书、报纸、期刊）和电子信息资源（广播、电视、网络）。该体系与现有的测度体系相比,具有更强的可靠性和较高的准确性,同时依然保持着较好的可操作性,因而是科学合理的。     

Leadership supervision for managers of educational psychology services

A growing body of literature surrounds the development of effective supervisory practices for practitioner and trainee educational psychologists. To date, none of this has addressed supervision for managers of UK educational psychology services, despite evidence that they may be under increasing pressure to make difficult decisions, respond to changing economic and political contexts and experience greater scrutiny in relation to service performance. In this study, 10 principal educational psychologists (PEPs) took part in a focus group to explore the supervisory needs and experiences of service leaders. Emergent key themes revealed differential patterns of entitlement and support, with PEPs often reporting innovative practice in order to access supervision. Supervision often had a duality of purpose, with PEPs advocating and promoting service delivery, rather than seeking personal support, potentially eroding the notion of supervision as a “safe space.” Implications for future practice are discussed and a potentially supportive leadership supervision framework proposed.     

Distributed optimization with closed convex set for multi-agent networks over directed graphs

In this paper, a distributed projection algorithm based on the subgradient method is presented to solve the distributed optimization problem with a constrained set over a directed multi-agent network, where the designed protocol is scaled by the left eigenvector associated with the weighted adjacency matrix. By using the property of the projection operation and nonnegative almost supermartingales, we give the convergence analysis of our algorithm and show that the optimal solution is the ultimate consensus state of all agents to be reached. A numerical simulation for a specific optimization problem is given to verify the effectiveness of our algorithm.     

让每一个学生获得成功的机会——教育均衡内涵发展的综合路径探析

当前,在实现义务教育阶段优质教育资源均衡分配的基础上,人们正将目光逐渐聚焦于学校的内涵发展,致力于让每一个学生获得成功的机会。本文在分析导致学生间不公平的深层机制的基础上,从家庭教育、学校教育、社会教育、学前教育等多方面综合切入,寻求共同应对的联动机制,为构建一个全方位的教育基本公共服务体系提供参考。     

If I had a magic wand I'd magic her out of the book: the rich literacy practices of competent early readers

This article explores the reading behaviours of 10 young competent nursery and reception children, The 10 children were selected from a group of 54 case study children involved in the national Bookstart evaluation study, Bookstart: Planting a Seed for Life (2005). This group of young readers, from different socioeconomic groups, were identified as reading in advance of their peers. The first part of this article explores the children's attitudes to reading, their responses to selected texts and their understanding of early phonological and letter knowledge. Second, the article reports on the findings from interviews with the parents of these children in order to illuminate the home literacy events that shape these young children's reading competences. This article is based on the larger scale national evaluation study of the Bookstart project, Bookstart: Planting a Seed for Life (2005). The evaluation was set up to explore the effectiveness of the Bookstart programme and the impact of early book giving on the first national cohort of Bookstart children as they entered school. View all notes     

科学开发和利用体育课程的自然资源

随着世界经济的发展和社会物质文化水平的提高,人们更加对自然资源环境的爱护与开发。学校教育应以人为本,遵照体育卫生原则,优化校园环境非常必要。为了每一位学生的健康,首先应向学生实施人类生存的环保意识教育,科学地进行体育与健康课程的开发利用,以更好的维护和提高学生的健康质量。     

联想启动效应及其脑机制研究(英文)

联想启动效应,又称作对新异联系的启动效应,是指对新近形成的联系的内隐记忆。目前关于联想启动效应的研究争论颇多。研究中采用认知实验、脑成像技术和多种神经心理学测验方法相结合的认知神经科学途径,对联想启动的认知机制和脑机制进行了探讨。测定联想启动的方法包括过程分离、知觉辨认和快速命名等。对正常大学生的研究结果表明,加工水平和联结共同作用影响联想启动,这与知觉表征系统所支持的项目启动等其他内隐记忆有所不同。当项目间的联系足够强时,被试可以在浅加工条件下形成联想启动。这提示,知觉表征系统单独并不能支持联想启动,还需要其他记忆系统的参与。采用近红外光学成像的研究显示,左右前额叶均参与非相关词对的语义编码过程,与新异联系的形成密切相关。对内侧颞叶和额叶损伤病人的知觉辨认和快速命名测查发现,这两个脑区均参与了联想启动。其中,内侧颞叶参与了联想启动所必需的联结过程,额叶则与语义加工、抑制无关信息和选择性注意等有关。另外,正常被试形成联想启动需要意识到学习和测验的关系,重度记忆障碍的被试不能形成联想启动,提示联想启动需要有意识回忆的参与。     

Therapeutic support for young people with learning difficulties: what enables effective practice?

Supporting children and young people’s mental health is a central aim of the UK government policy, with those with learning difficulties a particularly vulnerable group. This systematic review of research uses published literature to explore how access and participation in therapy might be facilitated for young people with learning difficulties. Twelve studies published 2000-2019 were identified, which described the experiences of access to, and participation in therapy for people with learning difficulties, although notably most of these involved adults. Findings indicated eight themes: pre-therapy, careful contracting, therapy is hard, idiosyncratic needs, therapeutic relationship, group therapy, reviewing therapy and it changed my life. These were organized into three chronological stages: setting up of therapy; therapeutic processes; and therapeutic outcomes. A number of strategies that can promote access and participation are suggested for professionals working therapeutically with young people with learning difficulties, around contracting, clear communication, the therapeutic alliance and the ending of therapy.     

Comparison of examination methods used in the evaluation of prepubertal and pubertal female genitalia: a descriptive study

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of three different examination methods in their ability to help the examiner detect both acute and non-acute genital injuries in prepubertal and pubertal girls suspected of having been sexually abused. METHODS: Forty-six prepubertal and 74 pubertal girls, whose ages ranged from 4 months to 18 years, were evaluated to determine the relative effectiveness of three different examination methods. RESULTS: All the girls had sustained a recent genital injury from various causes. The mean time between an injury and the first examination was 24h for the prepubertal girls and 27h for the pubertal girls. The three "multimethod" examination approaches used were the supine labial separation method; the supine labial traction technique; and the prone knee-chest position. The supine labial separation method was useful in identifying an injury on the external portion of the genitalia in both groups of girls. Injuries within the vestibule, on the hymenal surface, or in the fossa navicularis required greater separation of the labia. This was accomplished through the use of either the supine labial traction technique or the prone knee-chest position. The prone knee-chest position was the most successful method for identifying hymenal lacerations in both groups of girls. Of the 10 hymenal lacerations detected in the prepubertal girls 20% were identified during the use of the supine labial separation method, 60% with the supine labial traction technique, and 100% with the prone knee-chest position approach. Of the 49 hymenal lacerations detected in the pubertal girls 24% were identified with the supine labial separation method, 65% with the supine labial traction technique, and 90% with the prone knee-chest position approach. The data from this study has shown that the results of a medical examination will vary by the method employed. CONCLUSIONS: While no single technique detected all the injuries, the use of the multimethod examination approach did prove to be a valuable adjunct in the evaluation of both the prepubertal and the pubertal girl's genitalia, particularly in the identification of a hymenal laceration. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: This approach uses three different examination methods: the supine labial separation method, the supine labial traction technique, and the prone knee-chest position. According to the results of this study, without the combined use of these three methods a significant number of injuries, particularly hymenal lacerations, could be missed in both the child and the adolescent.