三丙酮胺对离体大鼠心肌缺血的保护作用

离体大鼠心脏灌流实验表明,三丙酮胺(TAA)能改善缺血心肌的收缩功能,降低缺血心叽中过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量,保护超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性,提高胞浆肌酸磷酸激酶(CPK)含量,并有效地抑制CaCl_2诱导的血小板聚集作用.     

Does childhood victimization increase the risk of early death? A 25-year prospective study

BACKGROUND: Abuse and neglect have been shown to influence the mental and physical health of children; however, few studies have examined whether childhood victimization leads to an increased risk of early death. PURPOSE: This paper compares mortality data and examines cause of death for a sample of 908 abused and/or neglected individuals and 667 matched controls who were followed up into young adulthood. METHODS: Using data from a prospective cohort design study, a large group of children with substantiated cases of abuse (physical and sexual) and/or neglect approximately 25 years ago were matched with a control group of children and both groups were followed up into adulthood. The National Death Index was searched twice and official death certificates were collected for most individuals who had died. RESULTS: Surprisingly, there were no significant differences in rates of mortality for the two groups (abuse and neglect = 3.5%, controls = 3.0%). Furthermore, victims of child abuse and neglect were not more likely to experience a violent death. CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not provide support for a heightened rate of early death in abused and neglected children followed up into young adulthood. Limitations of the study are discussed as well as potential reasons for these unexpected findings.     

Exploring the effects of talking book software in UK primary classrooms

This paper reports on an exploratory study concerning the effectiveness of specific design features in talking book software. Talking book software has the potential to complement current approaches to literacy instruction. In addition to common features such as word pronunciations, the implementation included sub‐syllabic word pronunciations, hints to encourage independent word identification and activities to reinforce specific reading skills. Two versions of the software were compared using both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. One software version had minimal functionality (‘Basic’) and the other incorporated all design features (‘Enhanced’). Each version of the software was used daily for a period of four weeks by 16 children, aged 5 to 6 years. The findings of the study were complex due to variations in learner preferences and reading abilities. Nevertheless, it seems that electronic books can complement teaching approaches in infant classrooms and can positively affect both cognitive and affective learning outcomes. It is evident that children beginning to recognise words can benefit from common features alone. Those children using the Enhanced software who had already acquired a limited sight vocabulary can benefit from exposure to reinforcement activities. Children with more advanced reading skills may benefit from hints to support independent word identification.     

The role of orthographic flexibility in Chinese word reading among kindergarten children

Abstract

The present study aimed to examine the potential importance of orthographic flexibility for Chinese reading acquisition. Orthographic flexibility is a novel concept that represents the ability to manage and switch attention among multiple aspects of orthographic information. A total of 92 Chinese kindergarten children at age 6 were assessed on measures of orthographic flexibility, orthographic knowledge, executive functions (EF) skills (i.e. cognitive flexibility and working memory) and Chinese word reading. Results of hierarchical regressions showed that orthographic flexibility uniquely and significantly contributed to word reading beyond the effects of established predictors, namely orthographic knowledge and EF skills. Path analysis further indicated that orthographic flexibility significantly mediated the contribution of EF skills to word reading. These findings provided theoretical insights into the linkage between domain-general EF skills and domain-specific reading ability. The present study also provided practical implication that training on orthographic flexibility in addition to orthographic knowledge could be beneficial to early acquisition of Chinese word reading.     

浅谈级数收敛性的阿贝尔判别法及狄里克雷判别法

讨论了有技巧性地运用阿贝尔判别法和狄里克雷判别法判别级数理论中的收敛性问题，并对他们在函数项级数一致收敛判别法与数项级数判别法做了比较。     

Investigation of Separated Flow around a Curved Air Intake

Nomenclaturex,y,g,11Cartcsiatlandcurvilinearcoordinatesif,v,U.j,'physicalvelocitycomponentsandcontl'avat7ian[velocitycomponCntsk,eturbulen[bineticcnet'gyanditsdissipationA)nl,nctlturbulent,lanlinarandof'l'ectivcviscositiesfdin\lsioncoel'tlcientRe.,Reynold…     

DE-Sovietizing educational systems,learning from past policy and practice

All 21st century societies face the dilemma of reforming educational systems to meet changing social demands. In order to enable new beginnings to be made, this article examines the ending of reform efforts in the former Soviet Union immediately prior to the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States. Educational policy had followed a shifting course under changing Soviet leadership, much supposed reform consisting of little more than reworked statements of intent. In the second half of the 1980's, more serious attempts were made to raise enrollment of six-year olds, to upgrade instructional materials and teaching quality, and to redesign vocational education. Inadequate facilities and resources, lack of trained personnel, promotion on non-educational grounds, economic hardship and bureaucratic resistance hindered these reforms. As successor states to the Soviet Union — and others — face structural change, knowledge of why certain reforms were previously resisted will help future planning.

---

Zusammenfassung Alle Gesellschaften des 21. Jahrhunderts stehen dem Dilemma einer Reform ihrer Bildungssysteme gegenüber, um den sich ändernden sozialen Anforderungen gerecht zu werden. Um neue Anfänge zu ermöglichen, untersucht dieser Artikel das Ende der Reformbemühungen in der früheren Sowjetunion kurz vor Errichtung der Gemeinschaft Unabhängiger Staaten. Die Bildungspolitik war großen Schwankungen unter wechselnder sowjetischer Führung ausgesetzt; viele Reformpläne bestanden aus wenig mehr als aufgearbeiteten Absichten. In der zweiten Hälfte der 80er Jahre wurden ernsthaftere Versuche unternommen, die Einschulungsquoten der Sechsjährigen zu erhöhen, das Unterrichtsmaterial und die Lehrqualität zu verbessern und die berufliche Bildung neu zu gestalten. Unzulängliche Einrichtungen und Ressourcen, ein Mangel an ausgebildetem Personal, Beförderungen nach nicht-pädagogischen Kriterien, wirtschaftliche Engpässe und bürokratischer Widerstand standen diesen Reformen entgegen. Da die Nachfolgestaaten der Sowjetunion — und andere Staaten — strukturellen Veränderungen entgegensehen, wird das Wissen um die Gründe für den vorangegangenen Widerstand gegen gewisse Reformen künftigen Planungen von Nutzen sein.

---

Résumé Au siècle prochain, toutes nos sociétés devront faire face au dilemme posé par la réforme des systèmes d'éducation, afin de répondre à l'évolution des exigences sociales. Afin de permettre de nouveaux points de départ, cet article étudie la conclusion des efforts de réforme tentés par l'ancienne Union Soviétique immédiatement avant la création de la Communauté des Etats Indépendants. La politique éducative avait connu un cours changeant sous un gouvernement soviétique instable, de nombreuses réformes attendues se résumant plus ou moins à la modification de déclarations d'intention. Dans la seconde moitié des années 80, des tentatives plus sé rieuses ont été réalisées pour augmenter la scolarisation des enfants de six ans, actualiser le matériel scolaire et la qualité de l'enseignement, et pour remanier la formation professionnelle. Des installations et moyens insuffisants, le manque de personnel formé, l'avancement pour des raisons autres que professionnelles, les importantes difficultés économiques et la résistance bureaucratique ont mis un frein à ces réformes. Du fait que les Etats succédant à l'Union Soviétique — et à d'autres nations réformées — font face aux changements structurels, ils pourront programmer l'avenir, conscients des raisons pour lesquelles certaines réformes ont échoué par le passé.

     

基于支持向量机的siRNA降解效率预测

为了辅助siRNA的设计,从已发表文献中共收集到573个siRNA的实验数据,使用基于统计学习理论的支持向量机(SVM)方法,提取了siRNA序列的碱基对关联性(BBC)特征,然后使用十倍交叉验证方法,对siRNA沉默目标基因的效率进行了预测.结果表明,基于支持向量机,选用多项式核作为核函数的算法具有最高的AUC值(0.73,ROC曲线图)和最高的r值(0.43,Pearson相关系数分析),优于以前基于打分的算法.结果说明,在以后的siRNA的设计中应该更多关注碱基之间的关联信息.     

Consultation with Parents of Handicapped Children

One of the most important responsibilities facing professionals in the educational setting is consultation with parents; few areas are as sensitive as consultation with parents of handicapped children. Various stages of adjustment tend to be experienced by these parents, and these need to be taken into consideration when consulting with them. Professionals should become more cognizant of the emotional factors which may be present in the lives of parents of handicapped youngsters.     

泉州洛阳江红树林湿地鹭科鸟类群落动态研究

通过对洛阳湾红树林湿地鹭科鸟类进行连续观测和调查研究，结果表明：研究区的鹭科鸟类共有8属12种，鹭科鸟类群落数量周年变化如下：3月至4月数量开始增加，5月至6月达到最高值，6月下旬到7月略有下降，8月至9月下旬数量相对稳定，9月下旬，鹭群骤然迁飞，l0月中旬渐有回升，11月至12月上旬数量较少，12月中旬至翌年2月数量最低．在1999年以前，鹭群总数最高值在3000只范围波动，随后逐渐增长，2002年骤然增加到l万只左右．鹭科鸟类种类的组成，数量水平和生态分布的状况，不仅与迁徒、繁殖、取食等行为有关，也与人类对其保护或是侵害行为极为密切．鹭鸟对湿地生态环境的变化极为敏感，具有客观、直接、即时、连续的指示作用．因此建立完善的鹭鸟资源评价体系，对于洛阳湾生态资源的保护和可持续发展具有重要意义。