The Humanities Chart Their Course. Report of the Second Annual Conference held by the Stanford School of Humanities. Stanford University Press. 78 pp. $1.00

EDUCATION: A College Program in Action by the Committee on Plans. Columbia University Press. Preface by Harry James Carman. 171 pp. $2.00.

Diagnostic and Remedial Teaching in Secondary Schools by Glenn Myers Blair. New York: The Macmillan Co. 422 pp. $3.25.

Field Work in College Education by Lynd, Helen Merrell. Sarah Lawrence Publication No. 5, Columbia University Press, New York, 1945, 302 pp. $2.75.

Guiding Youth in the Secondary School by Leslie L. Chisholm American Book Company. 433 pp. $3.25.

Henry Barnard's American Journal of Education by Richard E. Thursfield. The Johns Hopkins Press. 359 pp. $3.00

School Boards in Action, Twenty-fourth Year Book, American Association of School Administrators, Washington, D.C. 413 pp. $2.00.

Elementary Courses in the Humanities. Report of the Third Annual Conference held by the Stanford School of Humanities. Foreword by F. W. Strothmann. Stanford University Press, Stanford University, California. 146 pp. $2.00.

ENGLISH: Learning Our Language by Thomas F. Dunn and Charles A. Ranous. Wm. C. Brown Co., Dubuque, Iowa. 379 pp. $2.50.

HISTORY: The Formative Years of the Catholic University of America by John Tracy Ellis, American Catholic Historical Association, Washington, 407 pp. $3.00.

PSYCHOLOGY: Controlled Eye Movements Versus Practice Exercises in Reading by Frederick Lowell Westover. Contributions to Education No. 91 7. New York: Bureau of Publications, Teachers College, Columbia University. 100 pp. $1.95.

SCIENCE: Atomic Energy in Cosmic and Human Life by George Gamow. University Press, Cambridge, and the Macmillan Company, New York. 159 pp., $3.00.

SOCIAL STUDIES: Conditions of Civilized Living by Robert Ulich. E. P. Dutton and Company, Inc. 244 pp. $3.75.

The Public and Its Problems by John Dewey. Gateway Books, 301 East 18th Street, Chicago 16, Illinois. 219 pp. $2.50.

Problems of Men by John Dewey. Philosophical Library, New York. 418 pp. $5.00.

The Roots of American Loyalty by Merle Curti. Columbia University Press. 256 pp. $3.00.     

Examining the Legacy of Urban Catholic Schooling in the U.S.: A Systematic Literature Review

The Urban Review - Research conducted in the twentieth century found urban Catholic schools in the U.S. had a legacy of providing high quality educational opportunities for low-income students and...     

Going Deep into Mechanisms for Moral Reasoning Growth: How Deep Learning Approaches Affect Moral Reasoning Development for First-year Students

The purpose of this paper was to determine the effects of deep approaches to learning on the moral reasoning development of 1,457 first-year students across 19 institutions. Results showed a modest positive relationship between our measures of deep approaches to learning and moral reasoning at the end of the first year of college even after controlling for precollege moral reasoning. After accounting for a host of demographic and relevant student characteristics and for the natural clustering of students, we found that the integrative learning subscale, which captures students’ participation in activities designed to integrate information from varied sources and diverse perspectives, positively affected moral reasoning among first-year students. Implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed.     

Conversing with pedagogical agents: A phenomenological exploration of interacting with digital entities

In this paper, we examine the meaning of conversing with pedagogical agents. Previous research has focused on examining cause and effect relationships, failing to take into account the meaning of the experiences individuals have when holding a dialogue with conversational agents for educational purposes. To understand these experiences, we have conducted a phenomenological examination of what it means to converse with a pedagogical agent. In phenomenological terms, findings suggest the experience is complex, engrossing, virtual yet real, human‐like, and social. Implications for the future design, implementation, and research of conversational agents in educational and other settings are discussed.     

Is day care safe? A review of research on accidental injuries

A major concern about the effects of day care has been the safety of the children who participate. Although studies are limited, a body of research literature is beginning to emerge that provides some important information about the magnitude of accidental injuries in day care centers.Charles W. Snow is Professor and Jane King Teleki is Associate Professor, Department of Child Development and Family Relations; David M. Cline is Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine; and Kathleen Dunn is Clinical Instructor, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Policy, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC.     

A longitudinal evaluative study of student difficulties with engineering graphics

We have previously reported in this journal that spatial ability influences academic performance in engineering. We have also reported that spatial ability is trainable, and can be increased through instruction focused on using perception and mental imagery in three-dimensional representation. In this article, we present the results of a longitudinal evaluative study of student difficulties with engineering graphics at our university, involving research over a 24-year period. Prior to our intervention, the first-year engineering graphics course at our university had a failure rate of 36% for all engineering students, and failure rates of 80% for African students studying at our university. In terms of outcomes, our study indicates that changed teaching practices have been associated with increased pass rates, which currently average 88% for all students. There is clear evidence that African students no longer experience major difficulties in passing the course. This can be attributed both to changes in teaching methodology, as well as broader contextual changes occurring in South Africa over the period reviewed.

Despite evidence of increased pass rates, our data suggest that there is a continuing relationship between three-dimensional spatial perception and academic performance in engineering graphics, as well as with aggregated first-year engineering marks. For this reason, many students still require academic support. There is also evidence that female students experience difficulties with engineering graphics due to lack of previous technical experience, and use a variety of strategies to overcome their study problems. The most effective appear to be use of peers and friends, and in particular students who had previously taken the course, as mediators of the course content and materials. Those female students who have not taken technical drawing at school level, and female students who do not network with other engineering students, are those at greatest disadvantage.     

The Regulation of Technology‐Assisted Distance Counseling and Supervision in the United States: An Analysis of Current Extent,Trends, and Implications

Counseling licensure boards report emerging needs to regulate technology‐assisted distance counseling and supervision. An analysis of published regulations and telephone interviews with board administrators nationwide suggests that boards agree generally on 7 aspects of technology‐assisted distance practice that need to be regulated. Nevertheless, boards are disparate and often polarized in their views regarding the extent and type of regulation needed for each aspect. Current trends may have important implications for counselor education, supervision, and practice.     

Acquisition of Complex Systemic Thinking: Mental Models of Evolution

We investigated the impact of introducing college students to complex adaptive systems on their subsequent mental models of evolution compared to those of students taught in the same manner but with no reference to complex systems. The students' mental models (derived from similarity ratings of 12 evolutionary terms using the pathfinder algorithm) were significantly similar to their teachers' mental models and were correlated to their performance on an essay on evolution. Introducing students to complex systems facilitated their understanding of the mechanism of inheritance, the mechanism of evolution, and the role of chance in evolution.