Effects of consistency and adequacy of language information on understanding elementary mathematics word problems

Two types of elementary mathematics word problems involving different linguistic structures were devised to examine the understanding and solution of these problems by 91 Grade 3, 4, and 5 children divided into “more able” and “less able” subgroups. One task consisted of 12 consistent and 12 inconsistent language problems on the basic processes of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Another task consisted of a total of 36 word problems with 12 items each containing adequate, inadequate, and redundant information, respectively, for problem solution. Subsidiary tasks of general ability, vocabulary, reading comprehension, mathematics concepts, reflection on mathematics learning, and working memory were also administered to provide estimates of the contribution of these “nonmathematics” tasks to the solution of elementary mathematics problems. Analyses of variance and covariance of group data showed significant main effects of grade, consistency, and adequacy of linguistic information in problem solution. Word problems containing inconsistent information were more difficult than those with consistent information. Further, word problems containing inadequate and redundant information were more difficult to classify, and for the children to explain, than those items with just enough information. Interviews with 12 individual children provided further insight into their strategies for problem solutions. Both cognitive and developmental perspectives are important for mathematics learning and teaching for children with or without learning disabilities.     

保山市学龄人口变化与今后10年的基础教育工作

通过分析今后lO年基础教育学龄人口变化情况来预测今后lO年各级基础教育在校学生的变化情况，以明确基础教育的任务，进而明确今后10年基础教育工作中的主要矛盾和突出问题，以便抓住关键，解决矛盾和问题，更好地促进保山市基础教育的健康发展。     

Academic promotion in Malaysian public universities: a critical look at issues and challenges

The expansion and transformation of Malaysian universities have generated major changes in the nature of academic employment and the structure of academic promotion in higher education institutions. These changes have considerable implications, in particular for the policy and practice of academic promotion in the public universities. We argue that despite sharing one common grade and salary system, distinct and significant differences exist in the academic promotion systems of the public universities. Drawing on one recent study on the academic promotion process in Malaysian public universities to contextualise our discussion, this paper highlights the complexity in the promotion process in these institutions. It also discusses and articulates the attendant issues and challenging aspects of the academic promotion process. We argue that the interrelated issues and challenges, and certain academic practices and habits stemming from the pressure to gain a promotion are pervasive, and that they affect the academic value system and work culture. We conclude by asserting the importance of applying a consistent standard for promotion within a single salary system and that the academic promotion system in the public universities should ultimately affirm and communicate core academic values, and also aim at obtaining evidence of excellent accomplishments.     

试论电子阅览室与传统阅览室的区别

通过比较分析，论述了高校电子阅览室和传统阅览室的区别，并对电子阅览室的服务和管理提出了建设性的意见。     

Non-equal-interval direct optimizing Verhulst model that x(n) be taken as initial value and its application

To overcome the deficiencies of the existing Verhulst GM(1,1) model, based on the existing grey theory, a non-equal-interval direct optimum Verhulst GM(1,1) model is built which chooses a modified n-th component x(n) of X(0) as the starting condition of the grey differential model. It optimizes a modified β value and the background value, and takes two times fitting optimization. The new model extends equal intervals to non-equal-intervals and is suitable for general data modelling and estimating parameters...     

教师的安全压力与儿童的幸福——农村幼儿独自上幼儿园引发的思考

本研究采用以录像为媒介的集体访谈和多重话语人类学的方法,探讨了由中国某农村幼儿独自往返于家庭与幼儿园之间这一现象引发的城乡幼教工作者对幼儿园安全问题的看法.受访的城市幼教工作者对农村幼儿独自上学、回家的现象表现出关注往往始于他们对幼儿人身安全的担心,但随着访谈的深入,许多人对这一现象表示理解,甚至表达了对农村幼儿能力强、农村幼儿园教师安全压力相对较小的羡慕.城乡对比之下,研究者与部分受访者达成共识:幼儿园教师感受到的安全压力影响了他们的日常教育行为,并进一步影响到幼儿在园的体验与感受.     

简述行政决策思维的涵义和特征

为了贯彻党的寸六天关于要“推进决策科学化民主化”、“防止决策的随意性”等重要精神，本文简要论述了行政决策思维的涵义和特征，即权力性、预见性、择优性、综合性、服务性、开拓性等特征，以提示现代行政决策者应根据行政决策思维的特征去进行决策思维，进而，防止决策的随意性，多制定出科学正确的行政决策。     

浅谈手风琴的风箱运用

结合自己学习手风琴和从事手风琴教学以来对手风琴风箱运用的体会和理解，谈谈应该注意的方面，供中小学音乐教师、手风琴学生以及手风琴爱好者和同行们作为参考，让我们共同掌握好手风琴的正确使用，演奏和规范教学，培养更多更好的艺术人才。     

A corn straw-based diet increases release of inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of dairy cows

Recent studies have shown that diet can affect the body’s immunity. Roughage of dairy cows consists of a variety of plant materials which make different contributions to health. This study investigated the effect of different roughages on the immunity of dairy cows. Serum, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and milk samples were collected from 20 multiparous mid-lactation cows fed mixed forage (MF)- or corn straw (CS)-based diets. Expression profile analysis was used to detect the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from PBMCs. The results showed that milk protein in the MF group increased to 3.22 g/100 ml, while that of the CS group milk was 2.96 g/100 ml; by RNA sequencing, it was found that 1615 genes were differentially expressed between the CS group and the MF group among the 24 027 analyzed probes. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway analysis of DEGs suggested that these genes (especially genes coding cytokines, chemokine and its receptors) are involved in the immune response. Results were confirmed at the protein level via detecting the levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, leptin (LEP), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in peripheral blood by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay analysis. Our data supported the conclusions that the protein content in milk of the MF group was higher than that of the CS group, the CS-based diets induced more release of cytokines than the MF-based diets in dairy cows’ PBMCs, and milk protein content may be affected by cytokines.     

新课程理念下的体育教学

传统的体育教学过分强调运动技术的系统性，强调接受学习、机械训练，在这种教学背景下产生的教学方法，弊端之一是只注重教师传授知识技能的方法；二是师道尊严，缺乏教学民主。新的课程标准则要求改变现行体育课程的实施过于强调接受学习，机械训练的现状。关注学生的个体差异与需求，倡导学生主动参与、乐于探索、勇于实践，培养学生获取新知识、分析问题和解决问题以及交流与合作的能力等。