The role of lexical knowledge and related linguistic components in typical and poor language comprehenders of Chinese

The present study adapted the “Blueprint of the Reader” in comprehending language by Perfetti [2000, C. M. Brown & P. Hagoort. (Eds.), The neurocognition of language (pp. 167–208). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press] as a framework for understanding Chinese language and reading comprehension in a group of 361 secondary Forms 1, 3 and 4 Cantonese-speaking Chinese students (mean age of 15 years) in Hong Kong. This framework with some modifications was tested with nine specially designed Chinese language and reading tasks with reasonably high reliability and surface validity. The main hypothesis was that lexical knowledge consisting of derivational morphology; correction of characters, words and sentences; segmentation of text into phrases and sentences; and writing to dictation should explain considerable individual variations, as shown in the English literature. This was tested with component analyses and multiple regression analyses. The total battery accounted for 66.80% of the variation while lexical knowledge alone explained 33.51% of the individual variation in the overall school performance in Chinese reading and writing. The second hypothesis was that subgroups of poor and good language and reading comprehenders in Chinese would be expected to show overlapping yet different component structures and their performance in the individual component tasks would be expected to differ as tested with analyses of variance. The results confirmed this hypothesis. Task analyses of the written protocols of essay writing and of morphological processing (prefixing and suffixing) provided insight into well-formed and poorly formed writing and word formation according to principles of Chinese psycholinguistics and yielded information for theory-based practice.     

一种等宽凸轮-连杆机构的解析设计

研究了一种等宽凸轮-连杆组合机构(即作平面复杂运动平底从动件的形锁合式等宽凸轮机构)的设计问题。给出了同向、异向等宽凸轮-连杆机构的基本参数之间的关系,并应用支撑函数法和反转法推导了等宽凸轮廓线的曲率半径、外凸性判据、参数方程、周长及凸轮面积的通用计算公式。根据凸轮基圆半径r0与凸轮宽度W的确定量化关系,得到了确定最小基圆半径{r0}min与宽度W的方法。用该解析法可以设计出廓线外凸且尺寸最小的等宽凸轮,毋需再验证其廓线的凹凸性。     

Training Orthographic and Sentence Structures Helps Poor Readers in Chinese

We trained 36 12-year-old Chinese students with reading disorders in the analysis, synthesis and integration of orthographic constituents of semantic and phonetic bujians (radicals); and also their writing (spelling and composing) skills. These target students were compared with 37 age-controls in a pre-test and post-test design on a number of reading literacy indicators predicated on the “Blueprint of the Reader”. The tasks were: essay writing; morphological compounding; correction of errors; segmentation; text comprehension; fluency; copying of words, and of texts; writing to dictation; and reading aloud words and text. A promax oblique structure analysis of the performance of the 73 students found the tasks clustered into four components. A two (group) × 11 (tasks) multivariate analysis of covariance with the pre-training tasks as covariates followed by analyses of variance showed that the experimental students outperformed their age-peers in essay writing, morphological compounding, correction of errors, text comprehension and reading text aloud. They were also highly satisfied with their training as shown in a questionnaire survey.     

Experimental Study on Information Quality Influencing Factors During Information Interaction: A Perspective of User Experience and Perception

文章运用了实验研究方法对网络环境条件下信息交互过程中用户体验与感知视角的信息质量影响因素进行研究.结果表明,信息交互过程中,基于用户认知、动机、情感、观感等角度的信息质量影响因素涵盖信息获取全过程,主要体现在技术功能、感观心理、过程服务、信息特征、用户个性与需求五个方面.同时,这些因素具有主观性、层次性与自调节性特点.研究结果将为通过优化用户体验与感知提升信息质量提供可兹借鉴的路径.