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81.
The Snowbird Charrette: Integrative Interdisciplinary Collaboration in Environmental Research Design
The integration of ideas, methods, and data from diverse disciplines has been a transformative force in science and higher
education, attracting policy interventions, program innovations, financial resources, and talented people. Much energy has
been invested in producing a new generation of scientists trained to work fluidly across disciplines, sectors, and research
problems, yet the success of such investments has been difficult to measure. Using the Integrative Graduate Education and
Research Training (IGERT) program of the U.S. National Science Foundation as a strategic research site, we conducted an experiment
to determine whether and how the process and products of research of IGERT-trained scientists differ from those of scientists
trained in disciplinary graduate programs. Among scientists in the early years of graduate study we found substantial and
consistent differences suggesting that interdisciplinary training improved the quality and process of research, but this pattern
was equally strongly reversed among students in the latter years of graduate study. Using systematic observation and other
data we suggest why this might be so, then discuss the implications of these results for the design and conduct of graduate
education and research. 相似文献
82.
The authors compared the effects of information‐based and attitude‐based interventions on counselor trainees' knowledge about and attitudes toward lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients. Analyses of variance indicated that providing information yielded higher knowledge levels than did not providing information and that the exploration of attitudes led to reporting more negative attitudes than did not exploring attitudes. The implications of the findings for counselor education and future research are discussed. 相似文献
83.
Mikael Molet Holly C. Miller Jennifer R. Laude Chelsea Kirk Brandon Manning Thomas R. Zentall 《Learning & behavior》2012,40(4):439-447
Consistent with human gambling behavior but contrary to optimal foraging theory, pigeons show a strong preference for an alternative with low probability and high payoff (a gambling-like alternative) over an alternative with a greater net payoff (Zentall & Stagner, Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 278, 1203-1208, 2011). In the present research, we asked whether humans would show suboptimal choice on a task involving choices with probabilities similar to those for pigeons. In Experiment 1, when we selected participants on the basis of their self-reported gambling activities, we found a significantly greater choice of the alternative involving low probability and high payoff (gambling-like alternative) than for a group that reported an absence of gambling activity. In Experiment 2, we found that when the inhibiting abilities of typical humans were impaired by a self-regulatory depletion manipulation, they were more likely to choose the gambling-like alternative. Taken together, the results suggest that this task is suitable for the comparative study of suboptimal decision-making behavior and the mechanisms that underlie it. 相似文献