基于EQuIP的馆校结合课程质量研究——以美国自然历史博物馆“生态系统的破坏”为例

本文介绍了美国用于评估课程与《新一代科学教育标准》一致性的教育者评估教学产品质量量规(EQuIP),并以美国自然历史博物馆开发的“生态系统的破坏”单元为例,阐明量规的使用方法。从对接NGSS三个维度的角度总结量规的特点,为我国馆校结合课程的开发提出三点建议:首先,馆校结合课程不仅要在教学的内容上,还需在教学的理念、目标、方法上全面对接课标;其次,馆校结合课程需要以学生及其学习为中心,注重课程资源、教学的目标、方式、评价的整体设计,深入地对接课程标准;最后,需要为开发基于课标的馆校结合课程提供相应的软件和硬件保障。     

学术期刊编委会履行职责中常见问题分析

总结并分析当前学术期刊编委会在履行职责中存在的比较普遍的问题.结合编辑部的工作实践,提出了解决这些问题的措施.     

《中国知网》在学术期刊编辑中的应用

结合编辑实践,介绍《中国知网》在学术期刊选题、约稿、遴选审稿专家和编辑初审等编辑工作中的具体应用.     

论农业科普期刊出版环境及可持续发展

就社会环境和系统环境2个层面尝试性地分析农业科普期刊的出版环境,并提出以全面纳入公益性事业管理体制(公益型)、划属科协机构主管(半公益型)、寻求体制外战略合作(经营型)等3种方式实现农业科普期刊可持续发展的探讨性意见.     

档案长远利用的多重挑战及安全保护措施(上)

档案长远利用是档案利用合乎规律的一大特色,是保证社会可持续发展和维护"代际公平"在档案利用中的体现.由于自然的和人为的原因,档案的长远利用面临着多重挑战,因此,档案部门必须放眼长远,采取有效的应对措施,尽力抢救和保护珍贵历史档案,并切实解决数字档案信息的安全保障问题.     

A new unsupervised method for document clustering by using WordNet lexical and conceptual relations

Text document clustering provides an effective and intuitive navigation mechanism to organize a large amount of retrieval results by grouping documents in a small number of meaningful classes. Many well-known methods of text clustering make use of a long list of words as vector space which is often unsatisfactory for a couple of reasons: first, it keeps the dimensionality of the data very high, and second, it ignores important relationships between terms like synonyms or antonyms. Our unsupervised method solves both problems by using ANNIE and WordNet lexical categories and WordNet ontology in order to create a well structured document vector space whose low dimensionality allows common clustering algorithms to perform well. For the clustering step we have chosen the bisecting k-means and the Multipole tree, a modified version of the Antipole tree data structure for, respectively, their accuracy and speed.

Extending WHIRL with background knowledge for improved text classification

Intelligent use of the many diverse forms of data available on the Internet requires new tools for managing and manipulating heterogeneous forms of information. This paper uses WHIRL, an extension of relational databases that can manipulate textual data using statistical similarity measures developed by the information retrieval community. We show that although WHIRL is designed for more general similarity-based reasoning tasks, it is competitive with mature systems designed explicitly for inductive classification. In particular, WHIRL is well suited for combining different sources of knowledge in the classification process. We show on a diverse set of tasks that the use of appropriate sets of unlabeled background knowledge often decreases error rates, particularly if the number of examples or the size of the strings in the training set is small. This is especially useful when labeling text is a labor-intensive job and when there is a large amount of information available about a particular problem on the World Wide Web.

Result merging methods in distributed information retrieval with overlapping databases

In distributed information retrieval systems, document overlaps occur frequently among different component databases. This paper presents an experimental investigation and evaluation of a group of result merging methods including the shadow document method and the multi-evidence method in the environment of overlapping databases. We assume, with the exception of resultant document lists (either with rankings or scores), no extra information about retrieval servers and text databases is available, which is the usual case for many applications on the Internet and the Web. The experimental results show that the shadow document method and the multi-evidence method are the two best methods when overlap is high, while Round-robin is the best for low overlap. The experiments also show that [0,1] linear normalization is a better option than linear regression normalization for result merging in a heterogeneous environment.

“This is the Whiteman’s Law”: Aboriginal resistance,bureaucratic change and the Census of Canada, 1830–2006

Census information of some form has been collected in Canada since the 1611 census of New France. Aboriginal people, identified or not, have been included in these enumerations. The collection of this information has had a profound impact on Aboriginal people and has been an element that has shaped their relationship with the dominant society. In response, Canadian Aboriginal people have often resisted and refused to co-operate with census takers and their masters. This article is an examination of this phenomenon focused on the censuses conducted in the post-Confederation period to the present. A census is made to collect information on populations and individuals that can then be used to configure and shape social and political relations between those being enumerated and the creators of the census. However, the human objects of the census are not just passive integers and they have resisted its creation in a number of ways, including being “missing” when the census is taken, refusing to answer the questions posed by enumerators or even driving them off Aboriginal territory. A census identifies elements of the social order and attempts to set them in their “proper” place and those who do not wish to be part of that order may refuse to take part. Archivists and historians must understand that the knowledge gained in a census is bound with the conditions of own creation. This has been noted by contemporary Aboriginal researchers who often state that the archival record of their people often distorts history and reflects the ideas and superficial observations of their Euro-Canadian creators. Changes to the Census of Canada since 1981, have increased the participation rate and therefore changed the nature of the record.

A world-class archival achievement: the People’s Republic of China archivists’ success in opening the Ming-Qing central-government archives, 1949–1998

This article describes the first half century of the Communist government’s supervision and management of the central-government archives of the last two dynasties. Immediately with the Communist ascent to power in 1949, the new government took great interest in assembling and protecting the country’s archival documents, readying the Ming-Qing archives for access to scholars, and preparing for publication of selected materials. By the 1980s Beijing’s Number One Historical Archives, in charge of the largest holding of Ming-Qing documents, had become the first Chinese authority to complete a full sorting and preliminary catalogues for such a collection. Moreover, to facilitate searches, an attempt has recently begun to create a subject-heading system for these and other holdings in the country. In the first half century’s final decades, foreign researchers were admitted for the first time and tours and international exchanges began to take place.