知识经济背景下的日本高等教育特点

二战后,日本的经济遭到毁灭性的打击,几乎濒临崩溃的边缘。但日本在战后短短几十年里一跃而成为世界经济强国,其中日本的教育,特别是高等教育对日本经济的复苏与发展起着举足轻重的作用。随着知识经济时代的到来,日本高等教育对其作了积极的回应,并呈现出一系列的特点。     

Developing a communal identity as beginning teachers of mathematics: Emergence of an online community of practice

The aim of this study is to investigate how a community of practice focused on becoming a teacher of secondary school mathematics emerged during a pre-service teacher education programme and was sustained after students graduated and began their first year of full-time teaching in schools. Bulletin board discussions of one pre-service cohort are analysed in terms of Wenger’s (1998) three defining features of a community of practice: mutual engagement of participants, negotiation of a joint enterprise, and development of a shared repertoire for creating meaning. Emergence of the online community was associated with our own role in facilitating professional dialogue, the voluntary and unstructured nature of participation, initial face-to-face interaction that created familiarity and trust, and the convenience of using email rather than logging on to a website. The study shows that the emergent design of the community contributed to its sustainability in allowing the pre-service and beginning teachers to define their own professional goals and values.

基于消息的系统集成基本模式

集成现有分布、异构、自治的信息系统是电子政务和电子商务的关键技术之一。消息机制是信息系统集成的主流技术，基于消息的系统集成有多种模式，按消息的主要用途，可分为消息路由模式、消息变换模式和消息管理模式。这些模式构成了分布式应用集成的基本架构和基本设计模式。对这些模式的抽象有助于应用系统集成解决方案的重用，同时，有助于建立起企业应用集成的一组公用术语，对信息系统集成具有一定的实用价值。     

体育运动对培养创造性人格中非智力因素的作用

创造性人才是历史的需要，创造性人才需要具有创造性的人格，创造性人格中非智力因素对人的创造性的表现和发挥具有重要意义，本文对体育运动在培养创造性人格中的非智力因素方面所具有的重要作用进行了阐述。     

校本科研的尴尬与反思

新一轮基础教育课程改革对教师素质提出了新的要求,教师要适应新课改,必须要在新课程改革的不断推进中获得发展.在这种实践背景下,校本科研成了我国教育界备受关注的问题,校本科研以其多元的性格、实践的取向赢得了广大教育工作者、特别是一线教师的认同,成为教师专业发展的一条重要途径.     

Student outcomes and perceptions of instructors' demands and support in online and traditional classrooms

In this study, seven graduate students were interviewed and 187 (91 online; 96 traditional) graduate students were surveyed about perceptions of differences in instructors' demands and support and student' motivation, self-regulation, satisfaction, and perceptions of learning in these environments. Results indicated significant differences in students' perceptions on all variables except self-efficacy. Results indicated a strong effect for differences between perceived instructor affective support in online and traditional classrooms. Although students in traditional classrooms ranked instructors' affective support higher, the variable had a stronger relationship with online students' satisfaction. Differences between online and traditional students' reports of instructors' academic support, instructors' demands, and students' satisfaction were significant with medium effect sizes. Results are important because they provide information about students' perceptions of the differences in environments created by instructors that relate to students' affective outcomes.     

变精度粗糙集与基于变精度粗糙集的知识模糊度量

变精度粗糙集是对标准粗糙集理论的一种扩展 .它通过设置阈值参数 β ,放松了标准粗糙集理论对近似边界的严格定义 .文中讨论了变精度粗糙集的置信阈值 β ,通过算例给出了信息系统中基于变精度粗糙集的规则提取方法 ;将变精度粗糙集模型应用于模糊集 ,提出了在变精度粗糙集中知识的一种模糊度量方法 ,对这种方法的一些性质进行了研究 ,并用该模糊度量方法描述了近似算子 .研究表明 ,该方法可合理解释模糊隶属函数 ,清晰说明了隶属度的含义 .     

(Trans)lating Identity: Exploring Discursive Strategies for Navigating the Tensions of Identity Gaps

This study explored the formation and expression of gender identity among 19 self-identified transgender individuals through the use of qualitative, in-depth interviews. Through the lens of the Communication Theory of Identity (CTI), we examined how trans* individuals form and perform gender identity, the tensions produced between identity frames, and the discursive strategies used to navigate those tensions. We identified the manifestation of three specific identity gaps: personal-enacted, personal-relational, and enacted-relational. Furthermore, we discovered four discursive strategies previously recognized for navigating tensions that emerge from identity gaps: closeted enactment, passing, disengagement, and label changing, and we identified a fifth discursive strategy—hyper-engagement—used to navigate these tensions. Results revealed that these identity layers and discursive strategies collaboratively manifest and coalesce in response to specific communicative contexts. Our results are discussed within the resounding call for greater understanding of trans* identity formation and expression.     

远程学习者特征研究的现状

本文是对远程学习者特征研究文献所作的综述,概括了相关研究的现状,并对这一现状进行了分析,尝试提出研究中有待改进的方面.     

谈谈投标的施工组织设计

通过对投标施工组织设计作用及特点的分析，阐述了投标施工组织设计在招投标过程中的重要性并指出了投标施工组织设计编制过程中一些经常易被忽视的重要问题。目的在于引导读者如何编制好投标施工组织设计文件。