近年来明清文化史研究综述

<正> 在近年文化史研究的热潮中,明清文化尤为史家所瞩目。明清文化史研究无论在课题深入还是在范围的拓展上都作出了可贵尝试。出版了一批研究专著,代表性著作有谢国桢的《明末清初的学风》、冯天瑜的《明清文化史散论》、朱维铮的《求索真文明》、陈宝良的《悄悄抹去的幕纱——明清文化历程新说》、张明富的《明清商人文化的研究     

现代教育技术在中学理科教学中的应用—厦门市教育科研市级重点课题研究报告

我校“现代教育技术”课题研究小组对本课题进行了为期两年（1998年9月－2000年10月）的研究。研究了现代教育技术的发展趋势和现代教育技术在教学中的应用方法。对教师进行现代教育技术的培训，使现代教育技术在我校的教育、教学中得到了广泛的应用。在校园网络上建设了大容量的教学应用资料库，教学课件库，提高了现代教育技术的应用效能。特此撰对本课题的研究工作进行总结。     

提高化学实验教学效果之探讨

传统的化学实验教学处于从属地位，并且模式陈旧、内容单一、方法僵化。为了提高化学实验课的教学水平，必须优化组合、推陈出新，因地制宜地进行化学实验教学的改革。     

钢管混凝土偏压构件受力性能实验分析

通过 2 5根钢管混凝土偏心受压短柱的实验 ,结果表明 ,偏心率对钢管混凝土偏压构件受力性能的影响最为显著     

Dimensions of transactional distance in the world wide web learning environment: a factor analysis

Moore's Theory of Transactional Distance hypothesizes that distance is a pedagogical, not geographic phenomenon. It is a distance of understandings and perceptions that might lead to a communication gap or a psychological space of potential misunderstandings between people. Moore also suggests that this distance has to be overcome if effective, deliberate, planned learning is to occur. However, the conceptualizations of transactional distance in a telecommunication era have not been systematically addressed. Investigating 71 learners' experiences with WorldWide Web, this study examined the postulate of Moore's theory and identified the dimensions (factors) constituting transactional distance in such learning environment. Exploratory factor analysis using a principal axis factor method was carried out. It was concluded that this concept represented multifaceted ideas. Transactional distance consisted of four dimensions—instructor-learner, learner-learner, learner-content, and learner-interface transactional distance. The results inform researchers and practitioners of Web-based instruction concerning the factors of transactional distance that need to be taken into account and overcome in WWW courses.     

论语境对歧义的消解

本运用语境理论，论析了一定言语交际中词义存在的多重性及其歧义的产生，揭示了言语交际环境中歧义的消解不仅要借助语言内上下而且要借助语言外情景。     

论开发利用档案信息服务与档案安全工作

开展档案信息服务 ,实现档案资源信息共享 ,是档案工作得以存在和发展的基础 ,它体现了档案和档案工作的作用。在市场经济条件下 ,档案信息 (文书、科研、教学、设备等档案 )向社会开放是服务社会主义建设的有效手段 ,是市场经济发展的必由之路。那种把档案看作是私有财产 ,为我所有 ,为我所用 ,借档案安全 ,封锁档案信息的做法已极不利于档案事业的发展。但是只讲档案信息开放服务 ,忽视档案安全也是不可取的。档案信息服务和档案安全 ,目的是一致的 ,在实际操作中要做到辩证和谐统一 ,了解档案信息服务的特点、方式方法及与档案安全的关系非常重要     

淋巴循环变化在输血及输液治疗中的意义

目的探讨淋巴循环变化与血压回升的关系.方法采用肠淋巴管插管方法,测定30只大鼠再灌注时淋巴流量、蛋白输出量与血压回升先后关系.结果实验组大鼠输血、输液时肠淋巴流量、蛋白输出量达到峰值的时间(min)分别为49.25±6.56、41.74±7.21,明显快于血压到达峰值的时间(82.25±15.17)(P＜0.01);对照组则无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论结果提示淋巴循环在输血输液过程中具有重要意义.     

The Metamorphosis of Industrial Designers from Novices to Experts

Professional training for designers is crucial in the field of design studies. The characteristics of novices versus those of expert designers have been identified in the literature; however, studies exploring the issue of professional training processes in the actual workplace are not well developed. Our study addresses the topic by using qualitative research methods along with flexible design. Collected data from the interviewees with different work experience were analysed by open, axial and selective coding. Herein, we argue that the processes by which a designer transforms from a novice into an expert in the industry are constructed through the interaction of several complicated factors. The re‐learning inherent in design professions is implemented through knowledge transfer gained from participation in design projects, particularly regarding tacit knowledge. Also, the novice's process of learning and training yields the characteristics and skills that companies and firms require of designers; this process involves a series of disciplinary sub‐processes, from destructive to reconstructive, implemented by employers. In these sub‐processes, the subjectivity of designers is neglected, leading to the suppression of imaginative expression and feelings of alienation among these workers.     

三维位移量的数据采集与显示系统的设计

利用光栅尺输出的在相位上相差90°的A、B两路方波信号,设计一种正向、负向位移检测电路,该电路形成正向位移脉冲和负向位移脉冲,送至单片机进行计数并在IED数码管上显示出来.同时还提供三个单片机共用一个矩阵键盘的接口电路.