Some cognitive processes may be shared between reading comprehension and reading fluency, while others may be independent. In this longitudinal study, 127 Chinese children in grades 1–2 were tested three times (T1–T3) to explore the contributions of early morphological awareness and rapid automatized naming (RAN) to subsequent reading comprehension and reading fluency. The results demonstrated that both T1 morphological awareness and RAN directly and significantly explained a similar amount of variance in T3 reading comprehension and reading fluency. T1 Morphological awareness predicted T3 reading comprehension via T2 word-reading accuracy but not word-reading fluency, whereas the indirect influence of T1 RAN on T3 reading comprehension was not significant. In contrast, morphological awareness predicted reading fluency via word-reading accuracy and fluency, while RAN predicted it only via word-reading fluency not accuracy. The findings add to the growing literature by providing evidence of the similarities and differences in the cognitive underpinnings of reading comprehension versus reading fluency in Chinese children.
Saline soil stabilization is being increasingly applied in foundation treatment engineering. Chloride saline soil obtained from sites and laboratory-made chloride soil (ZS) with various NaCl concentrations prepared artificially were stabilized using alkali-activated slag (AS). A series of unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA), thermal gravity-differential thermal gravity (TG-DTG), and ion concentration tests were conducted to investigate the strength variation and mechanism of the AS-stabilized chloride saline soils. The results showed that NaCl has a significant influence on the strength of AS-stabilized chloride saline soil and the strength of AS-stabilized ZS (GZS) increases with increase of chloride content in soil samples. Friedel’s salt (Fs) and NaOH are generated by the reaction of NaCl and CaO·Al2O3 (CA) in the slag in the GZS. Fs can fill the pores in stabilized soil, and NaOH can promote calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) generation. These two effects combine to enhance the strength of GZS. The relationship between the rate of increase of 28-d UCS of AS-stabilized chloride saline soil and the chloride content in soil was obtained through regression analysis of the increase of UCS of GZS. 相似文献
INTRODUCTION Increase in wireless system capacity through 3G services and innovative low bit rate video coding techniques have made it possible to have mobile multimedia services on hand-held systems. High quality real-time multimedia services are slowly be- ing deployed on hand-held systems. However large scale deployment at low cost is still to be realized due to technological challenges such as stringent power control under severely fading environments and the susceptibility of high qu… 相似文献