Getting Round to Clarity: What Do We Mean by Circle Time?

The use of circle time is becoming increasingly widespread in this country, but what exactly it involves and should achieve is subject to a wide range of interpretations. Such a situation can make the identification of what should count as good or appropriate practice very hard to undertake. This paper describes three examples of the development of circle time in other countries. These models are used as a means of critically reflecting on practice here. Some key points raised are the importance of the relationship between theory and practice and between specific processes and their outcomes. Lack of evaluative research and adequate training are also identified as significant issues.     

Techniques for Tracking Perpetual Access

Tracking perpetual access entitlements is a challenging task that is too often simply ignored. Here, the presenter makes the case for the importance of systematically tracking perpetual access and outlines the information that is necessary to record. The presenter also draws on the literature and conversations with ten librarians working on the issue to provide a set of techniques for this task. These techniques incorporate several different systems common to academic libraries and include scenarios that illustrate the use in common situations.     

16周有氧运动对社区高血压患者焦虑水平以及相关激素的影响

摘要：研究目的:探讨中等强度有氧运动对原发性高血压患者血压、焦虑状况的影响及相关机制。研究方法:筛选社区高血压病患者20人（男3名、女17名）,平均年龄为62.50±2.82岁;施以1h/天、6天/周中等强度运动;在运动16周前中后分别填写心理焦虑量表,检测身高、体重、腰围、血压、体脂百分比以及血管紧张素Ⅱ、肾上腺素、皮质醇。研究结果:1）与运动前相比,16周运动后维持抗压药正常量的人数从90%下降至45%,35%受试者服药量减半,不服药的人数增长了10%;2）运动16周末受试者SBP、DBP均出现非常显著性的降低（p＜0.01）,且脉压差也有显著性的降低（p＜0.05）;3）运动16周后焦虑水平有显著性的下降（p＜0.01）,且近69%高血压患者的焦虑状况得到明显的改善;4）运动16周后血清AngⅡ、E以及COR的含量均有非常显著性降低（p＜0.01）。研究结论:1）中等强度运动能有效降低高血压患者的血压;2）中等强度运动能明显改善高血压患者的焦虑水平,且情绪向良性发展;3）中等强度运动能够显著降低高血压患者血清AngⅡ、E以及COR的含量,这可能是中等强度运动有效改善高血压患者焦虑状况及降低血压的生理生化基础。     

The effect of breast support and breast pain on upper-extremity kinematics during running: implications for females with large breasts

The relationship between inappropriate breast support and upper-extremity kinematics for female runners is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of breast support and breast pain on upper-extremity kinematics during running. Eleven female recreational runners with larger breasts (UK D and E cup) completed a 7 min 20 s treadmill run (2.58 m · s^?1) in a high and low breast support condition. Multi-planar breast and upper-extremity kinematic data were captured in each breast support condition by eight infrared cameras for 30 s towards the end of the run. Breast pain was rated at the end of each treadmill run using a numeric analogue scale. The high support bra reduced breast kinematics and decreased breast pain (P < 0.05). Upper-extremity kinematics did not differ between breast support conditions (P > 0.05), although some moderate positive correlations were found between thorax range of motion and breast kinematics (r = 0.54 to 0.73). Thorax and arm kinematics do not appear to be influenced by breast support level in female runners with large breasts. A high support bra that offers good multi-planar breast support is recommended for female runners with larger breasts to reduce breast pain.     

The movement of the trunk and breast during front crawl and breaststroke swimming

Breast displacement has been investigated in various activities to inform bra design, with the goal of minimising movement; however, breast motion during swimming has yet to be considered. The aim was to investigate trunk and breast kinematics whilst wearing varying levels of breast support during two swimming strokes. Six larger-breasted females swam front crawl and breaststroke (in a swimming flume), in three breast support conditions while three video cameras recorded the motion of the trunk and right breast. Trunk and relative breast kinematics were calculated. Greater breast displacement occurred mediolaterally in the swimsuit condition (7.8, s = 1.5 cm) during front crawl and superioinferiorly in the bare-breasted condition (3.7, s = 1.6 cm) during breaststroke, with the sports bra significantly reducing breast displacements. During front crawl, the greatest trunk roll occurred in the sports bra condition (43.1, s = 8.3°) and during breaststroke greater trunk extension occurred in the swimsuit condition (55.4, s = 5.0°); however, no differences were found in trunk kinematics between the three breast support conditions. Results suggest that the swimsuit was ineffective as a means of additional support for larger-breasted women during swimming; incorporating design features of sports bras into swimsuits may improve the breast support provided.     

面向安全教育的儿童阅读推广研究

图书馆肩负着儿童阅读推广的重要使命。在我国儿童伤害案件频发的背景下,将安全作为儿童阅读推广主题,既可弥补学校、家庭安全教育的不足,又是图书馆实现破局发展的必然要求。面对这一形势,本文从加强政府重视、改善图书馆服务、创新主题活动、联合社会力量等方面,提出了面向安全的儿童阅读推广策略。     

人工巢箱下麻雀窝卵数和生长发育初探

2010年3～5月在人工巢箱条件下,对河池学院校园的麻雀繁殖生态进行了研究。收集的数据有麻雀的窝卵数、卵的特征值、雏鸟生长发育特征等。统计分析表明:麻雀4月初产卵,卵长径为18.85mm±0.98mm、短径为13.76 mm±0.54 mm、卵重为1.89 g±0.31 g、窝卵数3.33枚±1.00枚,育雏期15～18 d。雏鸟体重及外部器官的形态学参数可以用Logistic曲线方程很好地拟合,体重、翅长、跗跖、嘴峰长及18日龄前的尾长均呈"S"型。     

Reinforcing attitudes in a gatewatching news era: Individual-level antecedents to sharing fact-checks on social media

Despite the prevalence of fact-checking, little is known about who posts fact-checks online. Based upon a content analysis of Facebook and Twitter digital trace data and a linked online survey (N?=?783), this study reveals that sharing fact-checks in political conversations on social media is linked to age, ideology, and political behaviors. Moreover, an individual’s need for orientation (NFO) is an even stronger predictor of sharing a fact-check than ideological intensity or relevance, alone, and also influences the type of fact-check format (with or without a rating scale) that is shared. Finally, participants generally shared fact-checks to reinforce their existing attitudes. Consequently, concerns over the effects of fact-checking should move beyond a limited-effects approach (e.g., changing attitudes) to also include reinforcing accurate beliefs.     

Social capital in the classroom: a study of in-class social capital and school adjustment

Social capital is generally considered beneficial for students’ school adjustment. This paper argues that social relationships among pupils generate social capital at both the individual and the class levels, and that each has its unique effect on pupils’ performance and well-being. The sample in this study consists of 1036 children in 60 first-grade classes in 46 Dutch elementary schools. Multilevel regression results show that a substantial proportion of the variance in school adjustment can be attributed to the class level and that both individual-level and classroom-level social capital have substantial effects on school adjustment. At the individual level, the size of one’s network is more important than its structure. At the collective level, social capital also has a ‘dark side’ because it can have negative effects on adjustment, lowering the academic performance in a class.