Power training in elite young soccer players: Effects of using loads above or below the optimum power zone

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to examine the effects of two jump squat (JS) training programs involving different loading ranges in under-20 soccer players during a preseason period. Twenty-three elite young soccer players performed sprint speed (at 5-, 10-, and 20-m), change-of-direction (COD) speed, JS peak-power (PP), and countermovement jump (CMJ) tests pre and post four weeks of training. Athletes were pair-matched in two groups according to their optimum power loads (OPL) as follows: lower than OPL (LOPL; athletes who trained at a load 20% lower than the OPL) and higher than OPL (HOPL; athletes who trained at a load 20% higher than the OPL). Magnitude-based inferences were used to compare pre- and post-training measures. Meaningful increases in the PP JS were observed for both groups. Likely and possible improvements were observed in the 5- and 10-m sprint velocity in the LOPL group. Meanwhile, possible and likely improvements were observed in the CMJ, 5- and 10-m sprint velocity, and COD speed in the HOPL group. Overall, both training schemes induced positive changes in athletic performance. Soccer coaches and sport scientists can implement the JS OPL-based training schemes presented here, either separately or combined, to improve the physical performance of youth soccer players.     

Automated Scoring of Constructed‐Response Science Items: Prospects and Obstacles

Content‐based automated scoring has been applied in a variety of science domains. However, many prior applications involved simplified scoring rubrics without considering rubrics representing multiple levels of understanding. This study tested a concept‐based scoring tool for content‐based scoring, c‐rater?, for four science items with rubrics aiming to differentiate among multiple levels of understanding. The items showed moderate to good agreement with human scores. The findings suggest that automated scoring has the potential to score constructed‐response items with complex scoring rubrics, but in its current design cannot replace human raters. This article discusses sources of disagreement and factors that could potentially improve the accuracy of concept‐based automated scoring.     

汉、回、蒙古族MBL基因Exon Ⅰ 54位密码子点突变频率及血浆含量相关性研究

目的:初步调查我国北方地区汉、回、蒙古族健康人群MBL基因ExonⅠ54位密码子点突变的情况,检测其血浆MBL含量,探讨二者的相关性。方法:用PCR-RFLP检测MBL基因点突变频率;用MBLOli-gomerELISA试剂盒测定血浆MBL含量。结果:健康汉族人该基因突变频率0.23,血浆MBL含量均值1.99±1.50mg/L,二者负相关(r=-0.62);回族人突变频率0.15,MBL含量均值3.40±2.55mg/L,二者负相关(r=-0.67);蒙古族人基因突变频率0.18,含量均值2.52±1.95mg/L,二者负相关(r=-0.64)。结论:健康汉、回、蒙古族人MBL基因54位密码子点突变频率与其血浆含量均呈负相关。     

地塞米松诱导小鼠腭裂动物模型的建立

目的:探讨地塞米松诱导小鼠腭裂动物模型的建立方法。方法:采用一次性腹腔注射地塞米松的方法,建立腭裂模型鼠。取孕12.5d、13.5d、14.5d、15.5d、16.5d胚胎头部,石蜡包埋,6μm切片,HE染色,观察腭发育过程腭突的变化。结果:妊娠第11.5d一次性给予地塞米松(Dex)1mL(用量为50mg/Kg)可诱发小鼠产生腭裂。模型组腭突体积瘦小,不能在中线区接触融合,以致不能与腭突上方的鼻中隔接触融合,胎鼠出现腭裂。结论:妊娠第11.5d一次性给予小鼠足量地塞米松,可成功建立腭裂动物模型。为研究腭裂形成原因及分子机制提供了一个较好的模型。     

东北藜蒿提取物体外抗菌作用的初步研究

目的:研究东北藜蒿提取物的体外抗菌作用。方法:采用试管稀释法测定东北藜蒿提取物水煎剂、醇提物对13种临床常见病原菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC),判定抗菌效果。结果:东北藜蒿水煎剂、醇提物对13种临床常见病原菌均有不同程度的抗菌作用。结论:东北藜蒿提取物在体外有一定抗菌作用。     

护肝醒脾汤治疗酒精性脂肪肝36例临床观察

目的:观察护肝醒脾汤治疗酒精性脂肪肝的疗效。方法:将72例酒精性脂肪肝患者随机分为两组,治疗组服用护肝醒脾汤,对照组口服硫普罗宁片治疗,比较两组疗效及肝功能、血脂变化。结果:治疗组总有效率88.89%,对照组总有效率58.33%,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。治疗组肝功能、血脂治疗后较治疗前显著改善(P<0.01),并优于对照组。结论:护肝醒脾汤对酒精性脂肪肝有良好的治疗作用。